Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the physical and biological properties of thyroid hormone receptors and the relationship of the receptor to the avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) v-erbA gene. The properties of thyroid hormone nuclear receptors derived from studies using GHi and GC cells are described in the chapter. The thyroid hormone receptor is related to the avian erythroblastosis virus v-erbA gene. The AEV—a defective leukemia retrovirus—induces sarcomas and erythroblastosis in vivo and induces the transformation of fibroblasts and erythroblasts to neoplastic phenotypes in vitro. The chapter also reviews the studies in which the rat growth hormone gene was used as a model to identify cis-acting DNA sequences and transacting regulatory proteins that are essential for cell-specific expression and transcriptional stimulation of the gene by the thyroid hormone. The thyroid hormone regulates the growth hormone gene expression at the transcriptional level. A detailed functional and protein-DNA footprint analysis of the elements that are involved in mediating thyroid hormone and cell-specific basal expression of the gene is also presented in the chapter.
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