Abstract
Diseased tomato samples were collected from green house was evaluated for isolation, pathogenicity and biochemical tests. The symptoms of the infected tomato plants were as sudden wilting after curled on leaves and necrotic streak regions developed at the crown and base of the stem and the cavities deepen and expand up and down, brown discoloration and necrosis occurring on xylem and phloem vasculer. All of ages of tomato plant were susceptible to bacteria when the weather condition favorable and immediately, seen collapse symptom on tomato plant at once fail and die. The bacterium was isolated from diseased plant in all regions on nutrient Agar; a yellow bacterium was isolated from infected tomato plant in green houses and fields in Abu-Ghraib, Rashiedia and Qanat Al-Geiaysh nurseries in Baghdad provinces of Iraq. The bacterium was found gram positive, rod-shaped, non-motile and capable an aerobic growth and based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics revealed that this bacterium belongs to: Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. (smith) pathogenicity and hypersensitivity of the bacterium Cmm showed the disease index were 18.33, 6.66, 16.66, 5, 0% for tomato seedlings were inoculated treatments as the wounding roots, without wounding roots, crown of the stem, petiole and control respectively.
Highlights
Bacterial canker of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp
All of ages of tomato plant were susceptible to bacteria when the weather condition favorable and immediately, seen collapse symptom on tomato plant at once fail and die
The results showed that isolate which infected tomato plants in the field and green house in Baghdad provinces, belonged to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis
Summary
Bacterial canker of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. Michiganensis is one of the most destructive diseases of tomato and has caused major economic losses in commercial tomato production worldwide the disease can occur on other members of the Solanaceae plants as alternative hosts (Agrawal et al, 2012; Fatmi and Schaad, 2002; Gleason et al, 1993; Leandro, 2011). The disease was first reported at the beginning of the twentieth century in Michigan (USA) and currently it is present worldwide (Leandro, 2011), it caused losses in Canada, most European countries, morocco, Kenya, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand (Agrawal et al, 2012). Wilting, usually appear first and localized symptoms such as marginal necrosis and leaflet spotting may appear first. Marginal necrosis of leaflets frequently is an early symptom of localized infection. Sometimes referred to as the “firing stage” this appears first as distinct brown, dried margins on lower leaflets (Gleason et al, 1993)
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