Identification of the antifibrogenic properties of silibinin: Effect on TGF-β and matrix gene expression of hepatic stellate cells

Abstract

Oral Silibinin (SIL) is widely used for treatment of hepatitis C, but its efficacy is unclear. Substantially higher doses can be administered intravenously (IV).Pedigreed nonresponders to full-dose pegylated (Peg)-interferon/ribavirin (PegIFN/RBV) were studied. First, 16 patients received 10 mg/kg/day SIL IV (Legalon Sil; Madaus, Köln, Germany) for 7 days. In a subsequent dose-finding study, 20 patients received 5, 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg/day SIL for 14 days. In both protocols, PegIFNα-2a/RBV were started on day 8. Viral load was determined daily.Unexpectedly, in the first study, HCV-RNA declined on IV SIL by 1.32 ± 0.55 log (mean ± SD), P < .001 but increased again in spite of PegIFN/RBV after the infusion period. The viral load decrease was dose dependent (log drop after 7 days SIL: 0.55 ± 0.5 [5 mg/kg, n = 3], 1.41 ± 0.59 [10 mg/kg, n = 19], 2.11 ± 1.34 [15 mg/kg, n = 5], and 3.02 ± 1.01 [20 mg/kg, n = 9]; P < .001), decreased further after 7 days combined SIL/PegIFN/RBV (1.63 ± 0.78 [5 mg/kg, n = 3], 4.16 ± 1.28 [10 mg/kg, n = 3], 3.69 ± 1.29 [15 mg/kg, n = 5], and 4.85 ± 0.89 [20 mg/kg, n = 9]; P < .001), and became undetectable in 7 patients on 15 or 20 mg/kg SIL, at week 12. Beside mild gastrointestinal symptoms, IV SIL monotherapy was well tolerated.IV SIL is well tolerated and shows a substantial antiviral effect against HCV in nonresponders.