Abstract
Abstract. Temporary surface water monitoring can provide accurate and reliable information about the spatio-temporal level of surface water. This is very important for various environmental applications, such as flood monitoring. Remote sensing data such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is very useful for a large-scale flood monitoring. SAR sensors offer clear advantages by providing their own sources of illumination, thus being able to operate in nearly all-weather/day-night conditions. About 30% disasters which occurred in Indonesia are floods. This hazard has become a recurring disaster that takes place annually. A massive flash flood struck Sentani in the Jayapura Regency in the province of Papua, Indonesia on 16 March 2019, causing 104 deaths. The objective of this work is thus to map temporary surface water (flood) of the Sentani flash flooding event in Indonesia using Sentinel-1 SAR imagery. Sentinel-1 IW GRD and SLC (dual polarimetry) on the event period were used. With two types of Sentinel-1 data, this research produced temporary surface water map using rapid mapping method and SAR polarimetry method. Comparing the results, the similarity of SAR polarimetry method to rapid mapping method is about 39%. Based on reference data, rapid mapping result show better accuracy (82%) than SAR polarimetry method (62%). In addition, processing SLC data needs longer time and higher performance than processing GRD data. Thus, for rapid mapping, it is better to use only Sentinel-1 GRD data.
Highlights
Surface waters are important resources for the biosphere and the anthroposphere
Temporary Surface Water (TSW) is defined as waterbody experiencing frequent drying phases or correspond to surfaces frequently affected by flooding, causing hazards to human, settlements and infrastructures (Feyisa et al, 2014)
About 30% of the disasters which occurred in Indonesia are floods
Summary
Surface waters are important resources for the biosphere and the anthroposphere. Surface waters preserve diverse habitat, support biodiversity, and provide ecosystem service by controlling nutrient cycles and global carbon. On 16 March, a sudden influx of water was observed, which was hypothesized to have originated from the Cyclops Mountains. This was likely caused by a landslide forming a natural dam and blocking the headwaters of a river, which burst and resulted in the torrential flow. An increase in the water depth of the local river was reported shortly afterwards, resulting in buildings near the river being inundated. This was probably caused by extensive environmental damage in the Cyclops Mountains
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