Abstract
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is a widely recognized pollutant with far-reaching consequences for human health, climate, and the environment. This study aims to identify SO2 hotspots within the state of Gujarat located in the western part of India using the Sentinel 5P TROPOMI satellite data. Based on the analysis of the satellite data from January 2019 to 2023, 16 hotspot regions were identified in Gujarat with significantly high concentration of SO2. Majority of these hotspots were located in industrial areas and petroleum refineries, including Mundra port, Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, and the Alang shipbreaking yard. Notably, some scattered hotspots were found near Eco-sensitive zones like Purna and Narayan Sarovar. The observed SO2 concentrations in these hotspots vary between ~ 10 to ~ 1000 µmol/m2, with an average concentration of ~ 300 µmol/m2. It is also observed that SO2 concentration is significantly elevated during winter and pre-summer months, with a marked reduction during the monsoon season. The average monthly SO2 concentrations exhibit a distinct seasonal cycle, with the lowest levels during the monsoon and the highest during winter. Furthermore, impact of COVID induced lockdown is also perceived across the state.
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