Abstract
Among various pulse crops, Faba bean is widely produced in Ethiopia. The crop is usually adaptable in mid and high altitude area (1800-3000 m.a.s.l.). The applications of GGE biplot ease the graphic comparison and identification of higher genotypes for supporting decision on variety selection and recommendation in different locations. Twelve advanced faba bean genotypes were conducted in 2019 across seven locations in Ethiopia using randomized complete block design with four replications. The aim of this study were to evaluate faba bean genotypes for high mean yield and identify stable varieties across locations, select ideal environment in order to design effective breeding strategy through clustering mega environments. The IPC<sub>1</sub> and IPC<sub>2</sub> together explained 58.14% of the total G X E interaction. The line transient through the biplot origin and vertical to the E1 axis splits genotypes that yielded below the mean or in the left hand side (G7, G9, G10, G2, and G1) and genotypes that yielded above the mean were all other genotypes found in the right hand side. The AEC vertical axis designated yield stability measure of genotypes. The smaller the length of the line perpendicular to the horizontal AEC axis at E1 (Assasa) indicated the more stable the genotype and vice versa. G2 and G4 were the best stable genotypes, whereas G12 and G7 were the most unstable genotypes relative to other genotypes. The test locations with longest vectors from biplot origin are more selective of the genotypes hence, E3, E1 and E2 considered more discriminating environments for the testing genotypes and least representative due to large deviation from AEC. According to the center of the concentric circles G8, represents the position of perfect genotype. The polygon view of GGE biplot identified two mega environments E1 (Assasa) and E2 (Kulumsa) as one mega environment and G11 (EH 09046-3) was the vertex genotype. The second mega environment comprises E3 (Bekoji), E4 (Kofele), E5 (Adet), E6 (Debark) and E7 (Holetta) and G12 (Tumsa) was the winning genotype for these environments. This designated there is no genotypes showed superior performance across all environments.
Highlights
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is cool season adaptable legume among various pulse crops, Faba bean is widely produced in Ethiopia
The ranking of 12 faba bean genotypes based on their mean yield and stability is described in (Figure 1)
Despite there are various statistical models were applied to measure the stability of cultivar performance, recently many researchers used the Genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot technique to evaluate both mean yield and stability as well as identify which cultivar was superior at where environment
Summary
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is cool season adaptable legume among various pulse crops, Faba bean is widely produced in Ethiopia. Selection of various crop varieties including faba bean for better production in suitable environments is usually challenging by lack of stable varieties due to existence of Genotype (G) and Environment (E) interaction effect [9]. To evaluate stable variety Multi-environment trials (MET) are essential and these have to be done each year for grain yield and other yield component traits [2]. This target is made more complicated by genotype × environment interaction (GEI). The GGE biplot model is described as strong tool for effective analysis and comment of multi-environment data structure in breeding
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