Abstract
BackgroundSenna obtusifolia and Senna occidentalis (Leguminosae), whose seeds have similar appearance and chemical constituents, are easily confused in using their seeds. To elucidate the similarities and differences between S. obtusifolia seeds and S. occidentalis seeds, three molecular markers and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were employed to evaluate the seeds characteristics of these two medicinal herbs.ResultsThe results showed that selected 3 ISSR and 7 SCoT primers could distinguish S. obtusifolia seeds from S. occidentalis seeds based on the specific band and UPGMA dendrogram. ITS2 sequence indicated that the intra-specific similarity of 20 S. obtusifolia and 16 S. occidentalis was 99.79 and 100.0%, respectively, while the inter-specific similarity between S. obtusifolia and S. occidentalis was 89.58%. Although phylogenetic analysis revealed that these two species had a close relationship, they were assigned to different branches. HPLC fingerprint results showed that seeds of S. obtusifolia and S. occidentalis shared some secondary metabolites, but aurantio-obtusin was not detected in S. occidentalis seeds which could differentiate S. obtusifolia seeds from S. occidentalis seeds.ConclusionsThe present study not only compared the seeds characters of S. obtusifolia and S. occidentalis from molecular and secondary metabolites levels, but also provided a convenient method to identify S. obtusifolia seeds and S. occidentalis seeds effectively.
Highlights
Senna obtusifolia and Senna occidentalis (Leguminosae), whose seeds have similar appearance and chemical constituents, are confused in using their seeds
The primers UBC81 and UBC85 yielded the specific bands, which could distinguish S. obtusifolia from S. occidentalis (Additional file 1: Figure S1). 3 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers totally yielded 70 bands among 20 S. obtusifolia samples, 51 of which were polymorphic bands with 72.9% polymorphism and yielded 54 bands among 16 S. occidentalis samples and 35 of which were polymorphic with 64.8% polymorphism
In summary, three approaches employed in this study could effectively identify S. obtusifolia seeds and S. occidentalis seeds
Summary
Senna obtusifolia and Senna occidentalis (Leguminosae), whose seeds have similar appearance and chemical constituents, are confused in using their seeds. S. obtusifolia seeds owned various pharmaceutical properties such as eyesight improvement (Yang et al 2012), blood lipid regulation, hypertension regulation (Li and Guo 2002) and hepatoprotective effect (Kim et al 2009). These properties make S. obtusifolia seeds very popular in China and some other Asian countries. The most common and indistinguishable one is the seeds of Senna occidentalis L., which is an ayurvedic medicinal herb belong to genus Senna Leguminosae family. Several investigations had demonstrated that S. occidentalis have antibacterial (Jafri et al 1999; Saganuwan and Gulumbe 2006), antimutagenic (Jafri et al 1999), antiplasmodial (Tona et al 2004) and hepatoprotective activities (Yadav et al 2010)
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