Abstract
Flammulina velutipes is the fourth largest edible fungus in China with high nutritional value. In this paper, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS) was used to identify the secondary metabolites of F. velutipes. The metabolites were identified by comparing the retention time, accurate molecular weight, and MS2 data with standard databases of mzVault and mzCloud (compound: 17,000+) and BGI high-resolution accurate mass plant metabolome database (plant metabolite: 2500+). Finally, 26 secondary metabolites were preliminarily identified, including flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, organic acids, and steroids.
Highlights
Flammulina velutipes is known as golden needle mushroom and winter mushroom with high nutritional value and medicinal value
Results of Metabolites’ Identification. e metabolites of F. velutipes were analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap MS, the structural identification of compounds in F. velutipes was based on the retention time, MS data, and MS2 data compared with the BGI high-resolution accurate mass plant metabolome database, mzCloud database, and mzVault database. e identified metabolites were classified into three grades according to the comparison results. e credibility sequence is as follows: level 1 > level 2 > level 3. e detailed results are shown in Table 1. 26 compounds were preliminarily identified in F. velutipes, including 3 phenylpropanoids, 7 flavonoids, 1 steroid, and 15 organic acids
Some flavonoids are protonated in the positive ion mode to produce ion [M + H]+
Summary
Flammulina velutipes is known as golden needle mushroom and winter mushroom with high nutritional value and medicinal value. F. velutipes contains eighteen amino acids, including eight essential amino acids, of which lysine content is 1.09%. Erefore, F. velutipes is known as “Zengzhi mushroom” [2, 3]. It can be used as functional food and has great potential in the development of medical and health products [4]. F. velutipes contains many active components, including polysaccharides, proteins, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. Five flavonoids were isolated and identified from F. velutipes by Hu et al [10], named epicatechin, phillyrin, apigenin, kaempferol, and formononetin. F. velutipes has many pharmacological effects, such as antitumor [4], regulating immunity [4, 11], improving memory [5], antibacterial [8], antioxidation [12, 13], protecting the kidney [12], protecting the liver [14], neuroprotection [15], regulating intestinal flora [16], and improving constipation [17]
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