Identification of Secondary Metabolite using Phytochemical and Infra-Radiation Test on the Leaves of Vitex pinnata found in the Seulawah Agam mountain region of Aceh

Abstract

Laban (Vitex pinnata) is a member of the verse majority of plants used by people around the world to treat diseases. The leaves of this plant are used to treat fever and hypertension; the stem bark to treat stomach pain and diarrhea, while the root skin is used as a tea that can relieve fatigue and body aches. This research study was conducted to identify the active compound of the laban leaf and to also carry out a Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) test on it. This study was done on the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol solvent extracts of laban leaves. The extracts were then concentrated and the quality of the extracts assessed using a phytochemical test and FTIR test. After the extraction process, the qualities of the extract of n-hexane from laban leaves using an organoleptic test was brown to black-brown in color, and had a herbaceous odor. The weight of the extract was 59.82g, with a yield value of 1.994%. The ethyl acetate extract was assessed using an organoleptic test. It had a dark black color and a typical henna smell. The extract had a weight of 189.089g and a yield value of 6.30%. Using an organoleptic test to assess the quality of the methanol extract, a typical henna smell was noticed and the extract color was dark black. The weight of the extract was 442.06g and it had a yield value of 14.73%. A secondary metabolite test obtained data that showed that the n-hexane extract was positive for steroids and phenol/tannin, while ethyl acetate extract was positive for steroid, terpenoid, saponin, flavonoid and phenol/tannin using the Dragendorff’s and Wagner’s reagents. The methanol extract was positive for steroid, terpenoid, saponin, flavonoid and phenol/tannin using Mayer’s and Dragendorff’s reagents. The extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were then electrolyzed with Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR) to see the constituents of the extracts at different wavelengths for each functional group.