Identification of rye chromosome substitutions in Triticale and its relation with kernel characters and seed setting through Giemsa C-banding technique

Abstract

To study the individual characteristic features of chromosomes in the three varieties of diploid rye and the 54 hexaploid triticale strains and also to identify the replaced rye chromosome pair or pairs in triticale and the relation of rye chromosomal substitutions with kernel characters. The present study was conducted using Giemsa C-banding technique. The results showed rye chromosome 2R was replaced in large number of cases followed by 4R/7R, 5R and 2R+5R. Triticale strains with 4R/7R substitution exhibited low degree of shriveling in grains with higher values for test weight, 100-grain weight and volume of water displaced by 100-grains whereas 4R/7R substitution along with another substitution for 2R or 5R or 6R showed medium shriveling and strains with substitutions either for 2R or 3R or 5R or 7R/4R exhibited high degree of shriveling and a cumulative effect was observed when two of these substitutions were presented together in one triticale. Triticale strains with 2R/2D substitution had higher seed set and it was medium in case of 4R/4D. But when both 2R/2D and 4R/4D substitution occur together the seed set was considerably high and was low when 3R and 5R substituted alone or in combination. It has shown evidence in the present study about the role of individual R/D substitutions on the quality of seeds it is necessary to introduce those substitutions which are of agronomic importance to the breeders.