Identification of Proteins Involved in Carbohydrate Metabolism and Energy Metabolism Pathways and Their Regulation of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Wheat.

Xuetong Yang,Lingli Zhang,Jiali Ye,Sha Li,Xiyue Song,Xingxia Geng

doi:10.3390/ijms19020324

Xuetong Yang, Lingli Zhang + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020324

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Abstract

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) where no functional pollen is produced has important roles in wheat breeding. The anther is a unique organ for male gametogenesis and its abnormal development can cause male sterility. However, the mechanisms and regulatory networks related to plant male sterility are poorly understood. In this study, we conducted comparative analyses using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) of the pollen proteins in a CMS line and its wheat maintainer. Differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were analyzed based on Gene Ontology classifications, metabolic pathways and transcriptional regulation networks using Blast2GO. We identified 5570 proteins based on 23,277 peptides, which matched with 73,688 spectra, including proteins in key pathways such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and 6-phosphofructokinase 1 in the glycolysis pathway, isocitrate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-dehydrogenase and adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) synthases in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. These proteins may comprise a network that regulates male sterility in wheat. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis, ATP assays and total sugar assays validated the iTRAQ results. These DAPs could be associated with abnormal pollen grain formation and male sterility. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanism related to male sterility in wheat.

Highlights

Heterosis has important roles in agricultural production throughout the world, where cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an effective approach that has been investigated in many crops such as Brassica napus [1], rice [2,3] and soybean [4]
We found structural differences in the anthers and pollen grains from a sterile line and maintainer line in wheat
In order to obtain deeper insights into the mechanism responsible for male sterility, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) to identify Differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in the anthers of the sterile line and maintainer line in wheat, before conducting cluster analysis based on the DAPs to gain insights into male sterility

Summary

Introduction

Heterosis has important roles in agricultural production throughout the world, where cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an effective approach that has been investigated in many crops such as Brassica napus [1], rice [2,3] and soybean [4]. The utilization of heterosis in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has mainly been achieved via CMS-based breeding methods, i.e., the three-line system and chemical hybridizing agents (CHAs) [6,7]. Some constraining factors may delay hybrid wheat production, such as the time required, expense, damaging cytoplasmic effects and the genetically complex fertility restoration processes required for the three-line system [8], as well as phytocidal effects, low seed germination rates and potential chemical residues due to the use of CHAs. Currently, a two-line system involving thermo-sensitive CMS (TCMS) is being studied to assess its possible application in hybrid wheat breeding. A two-line system involving thermo-sensitive CMS (TCMS) is being studied to assess its possible application in hybrid wheat breeding This system can maintain and multiply male sterile lines via self-pollination, which is much simpler and cheaper than a three-line system in wheat [9]

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