Identification of Preferential Runoff Belts in Jinan Spring Basin Based on Hydrological Time-Series Correlation

Shuyao Niu,Hu Li,Xin Wang,Longcang Shu,Hua Xiang,Yuxi Li,Portia Annabelle Opoku

doi:10.3390/w13223255

Abstract

The Jinan karst system is one of the typical karst systems in North China. The karst springs in Jinan are important historical heritage in China. However, in recent years, due to urbanization and the excessive exploitation of groundwater resources in Jinan City, the rate of spring flow has decreased tremendously. Preferential runoff belts are channels of karst aquifers where fractures and conduits are well-developed and serve as the main pathways for groundwater movement and solute transport. In view of this, a study was conducted in the Jinan Spring Basin to identify preferential runoff belts based on hydrological time-series correlation. Firstly, through cross wavelet transform and Pearson correlation coefficient, the time-lag and correlation of spring water level and precipitation were analyzed, the result show that the precipitation in the areas of Xinglong, Donghongmiao, Qiujiazhuang, Xiying, Yanzishan and Liubu stations has a greater impact on spring water level. In addition, combined with the hydrogeological conditions of the Jinan Spring Basin, the above stations meet the characteristics of the preferential runoff belt. In conclusion, the above stations are most likely to be located on the preferential runoff belt. The results of this study can serve as great reference points for building a correct hydrogeological conceptual model, and for the future planning of spring protection measures.

Highlights

More than 25% of the world’s population either lives on or obtains water from karst aquifers, which makes the understanding of these systems crucial to water management [1].The Jinan karst system is one of the typical karst systems in North China, and karst aquifers contain much of the groundwater resource, which is an important water source.The Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate rocks, which are dissolvable, are widely distributed in Jinan
Jinan Spring Basin [3,15,16], and the results show that the karst water runoff channel has single-pipeline and multiple-pipelines in the Jinan Spring Basin; the development of runoff channels is controlled by permeable fractures, and there is a preferential runoff belt through the northern of the Qianfoshan Fault
The XWT was used to analyze the relation between precipitation and spring water level

Summary

Introduction

More than 25% of the world’s population either lives on or obtains water from karst aquifers, which makes the understanding of these systems crucial to water management [1].The Jinan karst system is one of the typical karst systems in North China, and karst aquifers contain much of the groundwater resource, which is an important water source.The Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate rocks, which are dissolvable, are widely distributed in Jinan. More than 25% of the world’s population either lives on or obtains water from karst aquifers, which makes the understanding of these systems crucial to water management [1]. The Jinan karst system is one of the typical karst systems in North China, and karst aquifers contain much of the groundwater resource, which is an important water source. Lithology, climate and other factors, a large number of karst fractures and pipelines have been developed, which have become a good channel for groundwater migration and a huge storage space. Jinan City has been known as “Spring City” since ancient times because of its fractured-karst springs. In recent years, due to social and economic development in Jinan, urbanization has significantly accelerated the extraction of karst groundwater

Objectives

Results

Conclusion