Abstract
This e research focused on the detection and identification of genetic polymorphisms in exon 7 of the β-casein CSN2 gene in blood samples from Greek Holstein cows and from local breeds of cattle, such as Vrachykeratiki, Katerinis, and Sykias. For this purpose, DNA was isolated from 780 blood samples obtained from Greek Holstein cows, 86 from three local breeds of cattle, namely Brachyceros, Katerinis, and Sykias, and 14 from Greek buffalo. The desired region of exon 7 was amplified by PCR, resulting in 121 and 251 bp products in bovine and buffalo samples. The PCR product was digested with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) on agarose gels. The restriction enzymes DdeI and TaqI were used. All of the blood samples had the amplified size. The results showed that 74.4% of the Greek Holstein cows had the A2A2 β-casein genotype, the three native breads Vrachykeratiki had 57.7%, and the other two had 100% of the A2A2 β-casein. From the 14 Greek buffalo, 100% had the A2A2 β-casein.
Highlights
The consumption of cow’s milk protein is responsible for causing allergies in many people
Bovine milk proteins are divided into two categories: caseins, which account for 80% of the total proteins, and whey proteins, which make up 20%
As for the exon 7 of CSN2 polymorphism, it was shown that the A2 allele occurs with a frequency of 74.4% and 58.7% in Holstein–Friesian cows and Vrachykeratiki, respectively
Summary
The consumption of cow’s milk protein is responsible for causing allergies in many people. An allergy occurs when a person’s immune system reacts to milk proteins, considering it ‘harmful’, and manifests itself in one or more hypersensitivity reactions [1]. The incidence of cow’s milk protein allergy (especially β-lactoglobulin and β-casein) is estimated to be approximately 10% worldwide [2]. Bovine milk proteins are divided into two categories: caseins (as, as2, beta, kappa), which account for 80% of the total proteins, and whey proteins, which make up 20%. Beta-casein (β-CN) constitutes approximately 35% of the total casein in cow’s milk, has a size of 23,983 kDa, and consists of 209 amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
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