IDENTIFICATION OF PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES IN TRIPLOID AND TETRAPLOID BANANAS IN BRAZIL

Jessica Da Mata Santos Monteiro,Edson Perito Amorim,Juvenil Enrique Cares,Dilson Da Cunha Costa,Robélio Leandro Marchão,Jansen Rodrigo Pereira Santos

doi:10.1590/1983-21252020v33n401rc

Jessica Da Mata Santos Monteiro, Edson Perito Amorim + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n401rc

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Abstract

ABSTRACT Nematodes are important pathogens in banana plants, and the lack of resistant genotypes is the biggest challenge of the banana breeding programs. Little is known on the behavior of banana triploids and tetraploids developed by Embrapa regarding parasitism by plant-parasitic nematodes in field conditions. Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura experimental areas, naturally infested in five Brazilian states (Embrapa Acre - Acre, Embrapa Semiárido - Pernambuco, Embrapa Cerrados - Distrito Federal, Palmital - São Paulo and Epagri - Santa Catarina) were evaluated for the distribution and population levels of plant-parasitic nematodes in commercial cultivars and triploid and tetraploid genotypes in the final breeding stage. The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) were the most frequent in roots (40 - 100%) and soil (85.71 - 100%), with a detectable number of juveniles (J2) varying between genotypes (4 - 148 J2.250g-1 roots, and 1 - 110 J2.100 cm-3soil). Four esterase phenotypes were characterized: M. incognita (Est I1 = Rm: 1.0), M. javanica (Est J3 = Rm: 1.0; 1.25 and 1.40 and Est J2 = Rm: 1.0 and 1.40) and M. arenaria (Est A2 = Rm: 1.20 and 1.35), M. javanica (Est J3) was predominant. Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita were predominant, however mixed infestations between species were found. The occurrence of Meloidogyne spp. was: M. javanica (68.26%), M. incognita (64.73%) and M. arenaria (16.81%). Helicotylenchus multicinctus and Rotylenchulus reniformis was the second most frequent group. Radopholus similis, Scutellonema sp., Criconemoides sp. and Helicotylenchus sp. presented themselves in low frequency and population levels in banana plants.

Highlights

MATERIALS AND METHODSBananas rank second in world fruit production, and along with rice, wheat and maize, they are considered the most important food sources worldwide (PERRIER et al, 2011)
The quantification data for nematodes detected in the root and soil samples and the frequencies of each genera/species by experimental area are shown in Tables 2 and 3
(40 - 100%) and soil (85.71 - 100%) samples across all areas investigated, with the detected number of nematodes varying among banana genotypes in the root (4 to 148 J2.250g-1 roots) and soil

Summary

Introduction

Bananas rank second in world fruit production, and along with rice, wheat and maize, they are considered the most important food sources worldwide (PERRIER et al, 2011). India leads in banana production in world rankings, accounting for. 26.8% of bananas produced globally, followed by. Bananas are the second most produced crop in Brazil, few cultivars are available for commercial exploitation that are resistant or tolerant to pests and diseases. Measures of chemical control used by large companies are not very applicable to small farmers, who represent the majority of Brazilian banana growers. The use of resistant cultivars, either by selection within existing genetic resources or by the generation of new cultivars by hybridization, is considered the most efficient control measure (AMORIM et al., 2011)

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