Abstract
In today’s diverse world, one of the most urgent tasks is environmental protection, rational use and reproduction of natural resources, conservation of biological diversity. The problem of clean water is one of the most important places in the solution of this problem because surface waters are the most sensitive natural environment link. Without careful monitoring of the state indicated by the latter, it is impossible to prevent the occurrence of adverse environmental situations, maintain the health of the nation and ensure the quality of life. Based on the results of the analysis of indicators of the quality of the water source, the required volumes of water for the consumer and the requirements of the consumer for the produced water, a decision is made on the technology for purifying the required water. Special climatic conditions (sharply continental climate, high summer temperatures, low water levels, etc.) negatively affect the quality indicators of the water source. The article presents the results of a study of surface water by microbiological indicators and phytoplankton. Water was investigated in the area of the channel-type surface water intake structure located in the Astrakhan region on the Volga. It is revealed that the river belongs to the category of dirty. Moreover, there is a positive trend in the development of this process. Applied water treatment technologies are not able to fulfill the tasks to ensure a safe drinking regime. It is known that chlorination of water during water treatment does not affect the removal of metabolites secreted by massively developing species of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). The authors made recommendations for improving water treatment facilities.
Highlights
Water resources of Russia make up more than 20% of the world's freshwater reserves [1]
It is known that chlorination of water during water treatment does not affect the removal of metabolites secreted by massively developing species of cyanobacteria
The first type includes water bodies used for drinking water supply to enterprises, the second - used for swimming, sporting events, as well as within settlements
Summary
Water resources of Russia (underground and surface sources) make up more than 20% of the world's freshwater reserves [1]. The surface waters of the Astrakhan region are represented by the Volga River with numerous watercourses (about 900), fresh and salty bodies of water (about 1000) and the northern part of the Caspian Sea (Fig. 1). 60 settlements with a total population of about 120 thousand are located in the zone of western steppe ilmens These reservoirs were replenished due to heavy floods. In recent years, according to experts, during the flood period, ilmens are flooded within a small area, which leads to their shallowing and a decrease in water quality indicators, they continue to serve as a water source for the population and agriculture. The zone of Western steppe ilmen is the most populated, more than 120 thousand people live in it To ensure their water supply, 8 tracts were built (Table 1). The result of this situation will be the clogging of subsequent filtration components of the treatment plant, and a decrease in filter capacity
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