Identification of Nutritional Components in Black Sesame Determined by Widely Targeted Metabolomics and Traditional Chinese Medicines.

Dandan Wang,Xiupin Wang,Xuefang Wang,Qi Zhang,Xiaorong Huang,Ruinan Yang,Peiwu Li,Jin Mao,Liangxiao Zhang,Xiao Wang

doi:10.3390/molecules23051180

Dandan Wang, Xiupin Wang + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23051180

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Abstract

Chemical composition of secondary metabolites is of great importance for quality control of agricultural products. Black sesame seeds are significantly more expensive than white sesame seeds, because it is thought that black sesame seeds are more beneficial to human health than white sesame seeds. However, the differences in nutrient composition between black sesame seeds and white sesame seeds are still unknown. The current study examined the levels of different metabolites in black and white sesame seeds via the use of a novel metabolomics strategy. Using widely targeted metabolomics data, we obtained the structure and content of 557 metabolites, out of which 217 metabolites were identified, and discovered 30 metabolic pathways activated by the secondary metabolites in both black and white sesame seeds. Our results demonstrated that the main pathways that were differentially activated included: phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism. More importantly, the biomarkers that were significantly different between black seeds and white sesame seeds are highly related to the functions recorded in traditional Chinese medicine. The results of this study may serve as a new theoretical reference for breeding experts to promote the genetic improvement of sesame seeds, and therefore the cultivation of higher quality sesame varieties.

Highlights

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) belongs to the genus Flax, an important ancient oil crop with a long history of more than 2200 years of cultivation
Analysis of metabolic networks linked to the identified 217 metabolites determined that widely targeted metabolite profiling of black and white sesame seeds, based on LC-MS/MS, encompassed the following: taurine and hypotaurine metabolism; alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism; arginine and proline metabolism; isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism; tyrosine metabolism; tryptophan metabolism; sulfur metabolism; indole alkaloid biosynthesis; cysteine and methionine metabolism; and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
We studied the comparative nutritional value of black sesame seeds and white sesame seeds by conducting an analysis of widely targeted metabolomics based on LC-MS/MS data

Summary

Introduction

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) belongs to the genus Flax, an important ancient oil crop with a long history of more than 2200 years of cultivation. The breeding of new sesame varieties is important to the growth of sesame industry, and the development of high-yield, high-quality, multi-resistant varieties is a goal of sesame breeding experts. Molecular breeding incorporates a combination of modern biotechnological methods with classical genetic breeding methods, and include phenotypic screening and genotyping, orienting improved plant genetic traits, and aggregating functional genes to cultivate new varieties based on the theories of genetics and modern molecular biology. Molecular breeding improves breeding efficiency, but can greatly shorten the breeding period [2,3,4], and shows great potential for improving production and quality, and enhancing resistance

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