Abstract
The accurate and rapid classification of Salmonella serovars is an essential focus for the identification of isolates involved in disease in humans and animals. The purpose of current research was to identify novel sensitive and reliable serovar-specific targets and to develop PCR method for Salmonella C2 serogroups (O:8 epitopes) in food samples to facilitate timely treatment. A total of 575 genomic sequences of 16 target serovars belonging to serogroup C2 and 150 genomic sequences of non-target serovars were analysed by pan-genome analysis. As a result, four and three specific genes were found for serovars Albany and Hadar, respectively. Primer sets for PCR targeting these serovar-specific genes were designed and evaluated based on their specificity; the results showed high specificity (100%). The sensitivity of the specific PCR was 2.8 × 101–103 CFU/mL and 2.3 × 103–104 CFU/mL for serovars Albany and Hadar, respectively, and the detection limits were 1.04 × 103–104 CFU/g and 1.16 × 104–105 CFU/g in artificially contaminated raw pork samples. Furthermore, the potential functions of these serovar-specific genes were analysed; all of the genes were functionally unknown, except for one specific serovar Albany gene known to be a encoded secreted protein and one specific gene for serovars Hadar and Albany that is a encoded membrane protein. Thus, these findings demonstrate that pan-genome analysis is a precious method for mining new high-quality serovar-targets for PCR assays or other molecular methods that are highly sensitive and can be used for rapid detection of Salmonella serovars.
Highlights
Salmonella is one of crucial foodborne pathogen that causes illness worldwide, including diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, typhoid, paratyphoid, septicaemia, and other clinical syndromes (Dekker and Frank, 2015)
The 725 selected Salmonella isolates differed in the 1,803 core-genome Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
The ML phylogenetic tree was established based on the connected core SNPs
Summary
Salmonella is one of crucial foodborne pathogen that causes illness worldwide, including diarrhoea, gastroenteritis, typhoid, paratyphoid, septicaemia, and other clinical syndromes (Dekker and Frank, 2015). Pigs, poultry and their eggs, and cattle could be infected by Salmonella (Rodriguez et al, 2006; Xu et al, 2017), which can be disseminate to humans via ingestion of contaminated. Hadar is a host-non-specific serotype that causes infection in both humans and animals It has been identified previously in hospital outbreaks and confirmed as the fourth most frequently isolated Salmonella serovar in Germany (Weidebotjes et al, 1998; Deshpande et al, 2015). In order to reduce the prevalence of Salmonella, establishment rapid and feasible detection methods is essential for the identification of high-risk Salmonella serovars
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