Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two major types of joint diseases. The present study aimed to identify hub genes involved in the pathogenesis and further explore the potential treatment targets of RA and OA.Methods: The gene expression profile of GSE12021 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Total 31 samples (12 RA, 10 OA and 9 NC samples) were used. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RA versus NC, OA versus NC and RA versus OA groups were screened using limma package. We also verified the DEGs in GSE55235 and GSE100786. Functional annotation and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction of OA‐ and RA‐specific DEGs were performed. Finally, the candidate small molecules as potential drugs to treat RA and OA were predicted in CMap database.Results: 165 up-regulated and 163 down-regulated DEGs between RA and NC samples, 73 up-regulated and 293 down-regulated DEGs between OA and NC samples, 92 up-regulated and 98 down-regulated DEGs between RA and OA samples were identified. Immune response and TNF signaling pathway were significantly enriched pathways for RA‐ and OA‐specific DEGs, respectively. The hub genes were mainly associated with ‘Primary immunodeficiency’ (RA vs. NC group), ‘Ribosome’ (OA vs. NC group), and ‘Chemokine signaling pathway’ (RA vs. OA group). Arecoline and Cefamandole were the most promising small molecule to reverse the RA and OA gene expression.Conclusion: Our findings suggest new insights into the underlying pathogenesis of RA and OA, which may improve the diagnosis and treatment of these intractable chronic diseases.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degradation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone resulting in the rigidity deformity and dysfunction of the joints [1]
The Differentially expressed gene (DEG) were investigated in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), OA and normal control (NC) in GSE12021.A total of 328 genes were identified to be differentially expressed between RA and NC samples with the threshold of P
Among these DEGs, 165 were up-regulated and 163 down-regulated in RA compared with NC samples
Summary
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by degradation of articular cartilage and subchondral bone resulting in the rigidity deformity and dysfunction of the joints [1]. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex, multi-systemic autoimmune disease that mainly has an effect on the flexible joints as well. As two major types of joint diseases, RA and OA have high morbidity and disability rate especially among the elderly people [5]. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are two major types of joint diseases. The present study aimed to identify hub genes involved in the pathogenesis and further explore the potential treatment targets of RA and OA. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RA versus NC, OA versus NC and RA versus OA groups were screened using limma package. Immune response and TNF signaling pathway were significantly enriched pathways for RA- and OA-specific DEGs, respectively. Arecoline and Cefamandole were the most promising small molecule to reverse the RA and OA gene expression. Conclusion: Our findings suggest new insights into the underlying pathogenesis of RA and OA, which may improve the diagnosis and treatment of these intractable chronic diseases
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