Abstract
Basal stem rot (BSR) of oil palm is a disastrous disease caused by a white-rot fungus Ganoderma boninense Pat. Non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are a group of secondary metabolites that act as fungal virulent factors during pathogenesis in the host. In this study, we aimed to isolate NRPS gene of G. boninense strain UPMGB001 and investigate the role of this gene during G. boninense-oil palm interaction. The isolated NRPS DNA fragment of 8322 bp was used to predict the putative peptide sequence of different domains and showed similarity with G. sinense (85%) at conserved motifs of three main NRPS domains. Phylogenetic analysis of NRPS peptide sequences demonstrated that NRPS of G. boninense belongs to the type VI siderophore family. The roots of 6-month-old oil palm seedlings were artificially inoculated for studying NRPS gene expression and disease severity in the greenhouse. The correlation between high disease severity (50%) and high expression (67-fold) of G. boninense NRPS gene at 4 months after inoculation and above indicated that this gene played a significant role in the advancement of BSR disease. Overall, these findings increase our knowledge on the gene structure of NRPS in G. boninense and its involvement in BSR pathogenesis as an effector gene.
Highlights
Basal stem rot (BSR) of oil palm is a disastrous disease caused by a white-rot fungus Ganoderma boninense Pat
Contig 5393 (Accession Number: LFMK01009681.1), cluster 11 via antiSMASH, while the SeMPI v2 demonstrated several genes relevant to A domain
BLASTx results based on SeMPI v2 showed three regions related to non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) domains in strains NJ3 and G3 that belong to contigs with Acc
Summary
Basal stem rot (BSR) of oil palm is a disastrous disease caused by a white-rot fungus Ganoderma boninense Pat. Non-ribosomal peptides (NRPs) synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are a group of secondary metabolites that act as fungal virulent factors during pathogenesis in the host. The correlation between high disease severity (50%) and high expression (67-fold) of G. boninense NRPS gene at 4 months after inoculation and above indicated that this gene played a significant role in the advancement of BSR disease. Secondary metabolites (SMs) consist of low-molecular-weight compounds that unlike primary metabolites are not usually regarded as a crucial factor for life while they have various r oles[8,9] These natural products are synthesized by specific fungal taxon, mostly by filamentous fungi such as Pezizomycotina in Ascomycete class and many Basidiomycete classes including Agaricomycetes and Exobasidiomycetes, and unanticipated taxa like Kluyveromyces lactis (a Kluyveromyces yeast) that was recently found in the pulcherrimin gene cluster[10]. If the fungal strain has a virulent form of avr effector, R protein is no longer able to detect the pathogen, so ETI process would be s topped[16]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
