Abstract
Several corrections have been added to the well-known Bethe–Bloch formula to extend its range of validity to any incident ion penetrating almost any absorber. The possible contribution of close collisions to track formation has been studied, in opposition with the REL model that considers only distant collisions. A method based on the fractional gradient of the recorded signal strength is applied in this work to identify ions with Z>65 recorded in polycarbonate stacks that were exposed as part of the ultra heavy cosmic ray experiment. The results are consistent with a contribution of close collisions to track formation either small or null.
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