Abstract

Frankia is a group of slow-growing, gram-positive, filamentous, spore-forming, branching and vesicle-forming actinomycetes (Lechevalier 1984) that can induce symbiotic nitrogen-fixing root nodules on non-leguminous actinorhizal plants. Actinorhizal plants are perennial dicots and taxonomically diverse, occurring in at least 23 genera belonging to 8 different families (Benson 1988). Nearly all actinorhizal plants (but Datisca) are woody shrubs or trees which are important economically in timber and pulp production. Since a majority of them are pioneer colonizers on nitrogen-poor depaurerate soils, they are of great influence ecologically in land reclamation, reforestation and global nitrogen cycles (Silvester 1974; Torrey 1978). The Frankia-actinorhizal symbiosis rivals the rhizobium-legume symbiosis in the amount of nitrogen they fix and the efficiency of the nitrogen-fixing process.

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