Abstract
BackgroundBlood-stasis syndrome (BSS) is one of the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiations that are commonly seen in stroke and ischemic heart diseases; however, the BSS differentiation criterion is not standardized. More objective biomarkers for BSS diagnosis are needed.MethodsAcute ischemic stroke (AIS) or unstable angina (UA) patients with BSS and healthy controls were enrolled. The miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of UA patients and AIS patients were compared to those of healthy controls to identify the differentially expressed miRNA and mRNA of BSS. Bioinformatics analysis was used to identify significantly deregulated miRNAs and mRNAs correlated to BSS. QRT-PCR was performed to validate the bioinformatics analysis results.ResultsApproximately 401 mRNAs and 11 miRNAs were differentially expressed in both UA and AIS patients compared to healthy controls. Gene ontology (GO) functional analysis was performed, and multiple GO terms were enriched. Among the overlapping DE miRNAs and mRNAs, miR-146b-5p, -199a-5p and 23 targeted mRNAs were pivotal genes in the BSS genomic characteristics. These 2 miRNAs and 23 mRNAs formed network-type biomarkers for BSS.ConclusionsThe genomic characteristics of BSS were shown in this study. miR-146b-5p, -199a-5p and the 23 targeted mRNAs formed a diagnostic network for BSS. Further improvement and validation of this diagnostic network might lead to more objective diagnostic criteria for BSS.
Highlights
Blood-stasis syndrome (BSS) is one of the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiations that are commonly seen in stroke and ischemic heart diseases; the BSS differentiation criterion is not standardized
The 3 groups in both cohorts were matched in terms of age, sex, Body mass index (BMI), CRP (C-reactive protein) and most of the blood lipids (P > 0.05)
731 (63.51 % of all the DE Messenger RNA (mRNA)) mRNAs were up-regulated in the unstable angina (UA) group and 420 (36.49 % of all DE mRNAs) mRNAs were down-regulated
Summary
Blood-stasis syndrome (BSS) is one of the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiations that are commonly seen in stroke and ischemic heart diseases; the BSS differentiation criterion is not standardized. Cerebrovascular- and cardiovascular-related AS could lead to severe diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. According to World Health Organization (WHO) [1], IHD and cerebrovascular disease are the top 2 leading causes of death at all ages, contributing to 12.2 and 9.7% of all deaths. Despite these concerns and efforts devoted to preventing and treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the death rate increased significantly from 1990 to 2013 [2]. Continuous research on the underlying mechanism and treatment optimization are needed for AS-related stroke and IHD
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