Abstract
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00737-3.
Highlights
Most of the studies have been carried out in surface waters and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), but there are few studies on MPs in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This study investigates these particles in three different conventional DWTPs in the city of Tehran, Iran and aims to analyze these particles down to the size of 1 μm
Three DWTPs are fed from three different rivers and there are no industrial areas in the vicinity of them
Kankanige and Babel (2020) investigated a conventional DWTP in Thailand for MP removal and they reported that raw water samples of rainy seasons are 30% more polluted with MPs than in dry seasons
Summary
Plastic products are found in almost all areas of our modern life such as clothing, cosmetics and health care, transportation, communication and food packaging to name a few (Huppertsberg and Knepper, 2018). Since plastics hardly decompose due to the material properties, they remain in the environment for a long time (Sighicelli et al 2018) and are a potential hazard for the environment due to their ubiquitous presence (Luo et al 2018). This suggests an urgent need to investigate the risks which plastic particles might pose to living organisms and human beings. Mao et al (2020), for instance, investigated MPs in Wuliangsuhai Lake in northern China and detected these particles in all of the 32 samples with polystyrene and fibers as the most abundant polymer type and shape of MPs, respectively. To the knowledge of the author, this is the first study that aims to evaluate MPs and the reduction efficiency of DWTPs in Iran
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