Abstract
The aberrant expressions of long noncoding RNAs have been reported in numerous cancers, which have facilitated the cancer diagnosis. However, the expression profile of lncRNAs in early stage lung squamous cell carcinoma has not been well discussed. The present study aimed to examine the expression profile of lncRNAs in early stage lung squamous cell carcinoma and identify lncRNA biomarkers for diagnosis. Through high-throughput lncRNA microarray, we screened thousands of aberrantly expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in early stage lung squamous cell carcinoma tissues compared to their corresponding adjacent nontumorous tissues. Bioinformatics analyses were used to investigate the functions of aberrantly expressed mRNAs and their associated lncRNAs. After that, in order to identify lncRNA biomarkers for early detection, candidate lncRNA biomarkers were selected based on our established filtering pipeline and validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction on a total of 63 pairs of tumor samples. Five lncRNAs were finally identified which were able to distinguish early stage tumor and normal samples with high sensitivity (92%) and specificity (83%). These results imply that lncRNAs may be powerful biomarker for early diagnosis.
Highlights
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors with three subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and large-cell carcinoma
30,586 Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and 26,109 mRNAs were detected in three pairs of early stage LSCC samples by microarray analysis
Differences of lncRNA and mRNA expression in LSCC samples relative to nontumorous tissue (NT) controls are shown in Figure 1A and 1B
Summary
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors with three subtypes: lung adenocarcinoma (ADC), lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and large-cell carcinoma. The majority of NSCLC patients is at an advanced disease stage or present with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, leaving them with limited treatment options. This delay in diagnosis results in an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 16% [1]. There is considerable interest in developing early detection for LSCC. Biomarkers such as squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) and CYFRA 21-1 are classic biomarkers commonly used in the diagnoses of LSCCs [3].
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