Abstract
High infection rates of Leishmania donovani and L. tropica were detected in Phlebotomus spp. sand flies collected from refugee camps in Greece, indicating increased risk of infection among local populations. Detection and treatment of leishmaniasis, community education, and vector control are essential measures to prevent pathogen transmission and protect public health.
Highlights
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, which are transmitted by sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus
An emerging problem regarding leishmaniasis control in Europe is the potential introduction of new Leishmania species, such as L. donovani and L. tropica, through travelers, refugees, and immigrants from countries where these species are endemic
L. tropica, which has a limited presence in Europe and is reported mostly in Greece, causes anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL); L. donovani, recently reported in Cyprus, causes anthroponotic Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and CL (2)
Summary
An emerging problem regarding leishmaniasis control in Europe is the potential introduction of new Leishmania species, such as L. donovani and L. tropica, through travelers, refugees, and immigrants from countries where these species are endemic. Sand fly heads were used for Leishmania detection. The remaining parts of the abdomen and thorax from each female sand fly were pooled based on species, sampling site (refugee camp), and collection date (6–16 female specimens per pool).
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