Abstract

DNA barcoding is an increasingly prevalent molecular biological technology which uses a short and conserved DNA fragment to facilitate rapid and accurate species identification. Kalidium species are distributed in saline soil habitat throughout Southeast Europe and Northwest Asia, and used mainly as forage grass in China. The discrimination of Kalidium species was based only on morphology-based identification systems and limited to recognized species. Here, we tested four DNA candidate loci, one nuclear locus (ITS, internal transcribed spacer) and three plastid loci (rbcL, matK and ycf1b), to select potential DNA barcodes for identifying different Kalidium species. Results showed that the best DNA barcode was ITS locus, which displayed the highest species discrimination rate (100%), followed by matK (33.3%), ycf1b (16.7%), and rbcL (16.7%). Meanwhile, four loci clearly identified the variant species, Kalidium cuspidatum (Ung.-Sternb.) Grub.var. sinicum A. J. Li, as a single species in Kalidium.

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