Identification of inherited macrothrombocytopenias based on mean platelet volume among patients diagnosed with idiopathic thrombocytopenia

Abstract

Inherited macrothrombocytopenia is a rare illness that is often misdiagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenia (ITP), a more widespread acquired disease. Automated blood cell counters in routine clinical use usually miss giant platelets and underestimate mean platelet volume (MPV). Incorrect diagnoses might expose patients to a risk of unnecessary treatment. The ADVIA 120 hematology counter efficiently detects large platelets based on two-dimensional laser light scatter. The present study measures and re-evaluates MPV using the ADVIA 120 in 112 patients who had initially been diagnosed with ITP. We identified 11 unrelated patients as having probable macrothrombocytopenia (average MPV of 19.2 ± 3.8 fL; normal range 7.8–10.2). Functional, phenotypical and DNA analyses confirmed that three of these patients had Bernard–Soulier syndrome and one had MYH9-related disease, both of which are the most common forms of inherited macrothrombocytopenia. We stress that a conventional automated hematology analyzer had overlooked giant platelets in these patients, and that all of them had received high-dose steroid therapy and/or splenectomy before this study according to a diagnosis of ITP. Thus, checking MPV using the ADVIA 120 in thrombocytopenic patients is a useful method of correctly diagnosing inherited macrothrombocytopenia, and thus avoiding patient exposure to unnecessary and sometimes toxic treatment.