Identification of IL-18 and Soluble Cell Adhesion Molecules in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid as Novel Biomarkers of Psoriasis.

Fernando Valenzuela,Javier Fernández,Marcela Hernández,Alejandra Fernández,Daniela Cavagnola,Jessica Astorga,Juan Felipe Mancilla,Constanza Jiménez

doi:10.3390/life11101000

Fernando Valenzuela, Javier Fernández + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/life11101000

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Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic immunoinflammatory skin disease. Although its diagnosis is clinical, differences in the appearance and severity of lesions pose a challenge for clinicians worldwide. The use of accessible biomarkers for psoriasis could aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of the disease. To date, evidence on the analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) molecules as novel, accessible, and reliable biomarkers for psoriasis is limited. This cross-sectional study compared the GCF levels of IL-18, soluble (s)ICAM-1, and sE-selectin in psoriatic patients (n = 42) and healthy controls (n = 39). Individuals with psoriasis not undergoing treatment and healthy individuals were included independent of periodontal status. GCF samples were collected, and a multiplex bead immunoassay was performed to quantify the levels of the target molecules. Psoriatic patients presented higher concentrations of IL-18 and lower concentrations of sE-selectin compared to controls (p < 0.05). No differences were found in the levels of sICAM-1 between the two groups (p > 0.05). Psoriasis was associated with IL-18 and E-selectin levels regardless of periodontal status, age, and smoking habit (p < 0.05). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for IL-18 and sE-selectin were 0.77 and 0.68, respectively. In conclusion, IL-18 and sE-selectin levels in the GCF could be promising biomarker for psoriasis.

Highlights

Psoriasis is a chronic, non-communicable immunoinflammatory disease of the skin that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life
81 subjects were included in this study: 42 patients with psoriasis and 39 systemically healthy controls
Even though psoriasis is a common disease with varied clinical manifestations and though psoriasis is a common disease with varied clinical manifestations and extensive extensive research, there is a lack of non-invasive biomarkers available for early diagnosis and research, there is a lack of non-invasive biomarkers available for early diagnosis and treattreatment outcome evaluation

Summary

Introduction

Non-communicable immunoinflammatory disease of the skin that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. The worldwide prevalence of psoriasis ranges from 0.09% to 11.43%, with an average age of diagnosis between 47.7 and 58.7 years old and an incidence rate probably higher in women [3]. Major clinical signs of psoriasis include the formation of well-defined erythematous plaques and scabs on visible skin areas, as well as itching, stinging, and pain [1,4]. Psoriasis is associated with an increased inflammatory burden, which facilitates the development of several immunoinflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and periodontitis [1,5,6]. Psoriasis must be considered to be an immune-mediated systemic disorder and not a mere localized skin disease

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