Abstract
Hundred animal species have disappeared during the last century. By this time, approximately one-third of domestic animals have been in the endangered category. Hucul horses are also in this category; furthermore saving the genetic diversity beside the race preservation is an important challenge as well. The number of mares and stallions is only one of the expressive elements of genetic diversity; together with their quality determine the genetic variability of this breed. Beyond that, if an exact breed can originates from more founders, it can be more renewed genetically. Stud book documents these data by registering the mare families and stallions’ genealogical lineage. Molecular genetics, especially mitochondrial DNA analysis can make the precise identification of mare families possible. As a result of these molecular based methods, protection of genetic diversity, as well as breed preservation became more reliable. After the primer designing, the optimal primer pair was chosen which targets a 1092 bp length DNA sequence in the cytochrome b region. After the successful PCR optimalisation, we determined 170 Hucul mares’ sequences. According to our results, the samples compose ten haplotypes, which are much less, than the registered number of mare families in the stud book. Further investigations are needed to reach more representative results, and drawn the further consequences.
Highlights
Hundred animal species have disappeared during the last century
approximately one-third of domestic animals have been in the endangered category
together with their quality determine the genetic variability of this breed
Summary
Hundred animal species have disappeared during the last century. By this time, approximately one-third of domestic animals have been in the endangered category. A törzskönyvek ugyan dokumentálják a kancacsaládokat és 43 kancacsaládot tartanak nyilván a már említett országokban, de feltételezhetőek átfedések az országok között, valamint a háború előtti és utáni kancacsaládok között is (Mihók, 2011). A mitokondriális DNS vizsgálattal válhat megbízhatóvá a napjainkban egyre fontosabb genetikai diverzitás-védelem (a ritka, de annál értékesebb genotípusok szaporítása, megőrzése), ezzel együtt a génmegőrzés szabályai szerinti fajtafenntartás. A hucul kislovak tényleges anyai alapítóinak (a fajta kancacsaládjainak) meghatározására alkalmas a mitokondriális DNS (mtDNS) vizsgálat.
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