Abstract
Genomic DNA provides a rich source of material for species identification. However, molecular authentication is usually regarded as unsuitable for herbal decoctions and medicinal granules, as DNA is highly degraded. We set forth to investigate the availability of DNA in these products using PCR and DNA sequencing. Decoctions with Panax ginseng (Ginseng) or P. quinquefolius (American ginseng), two classical ginseng prescriptions with multiple herbal materials, and a commercial ginseng soup were tested. The DNA extraction procedure, sample pulverization, and boiling time were examined. Results showed: (1) Sample pulverization before boiling improved PCR detection. (2) Prolonged boiling increased the DNA concentration but decreased the intactness of DNA. (3) Ginseng could be differentiated from American ginseng by multiplex PCR. (4) Individual herbs in the decoctions with prolonged boiling time were identified by amplifying short DNA fragments. We also demonstrated the presence of DNA in a number of animal and plant medicinal granules and they could be amplified by species-specific primers.
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