Abstract
Low temperature stress affects growth and development in pea (Pisum sativum L.) and decreases yield. In this study, RNA sequencing time series analyses performed on lines, Champagne frost-tolerant and Térèse frost-sensitive, during a low temperature treatment versus a control condition, led us to identify 4981 differentially expressed genes. Thanks to our experimental design and statistical analyses, we were able to classify these genes into three sets. The first one was composed of 2487 genes that could be related to the constitutive differences between the two lines and were not regulated during cold treatment. The second gathered 1403 genes that could be related to the chilling response. The third set contained 1091 genes, including genes that could be related to freezing tolerance. The identification of differentially expressed genes related to cold, oxidative stress, and dehydration responses, including some transcription factors and kinases, confirmed the soundness of our analyses. In addition, we identified about one hundred genes, whose expression has not yet been linked to cold stress. Overall, our findings showed that both lines have different characteristics for their cold response (chilling response and/or freezing tolerance), as more than 90% of differentially expressed genes were specific to each of them.
Highlights
Cold stress is one of the most important factors that limit plant productivity around the world.Understanding the molecular bases of the cold response is essential to breed cold-tolerant varieties.To survive winter frosts, plants need to acquire frost tolerance which depends on the duration and time of the exposition to low temperatures [1] and varies according to species [2,3] and genotypes [4].Plants can adopt two strategies to overcome frost
Twenty-four RNA libraries were built from RNA samples extracted from the two contrasted pea lines, Ch and Te, under low temperature (LT) and N
In most published studies dealing with cold acclimation, gene expression analyses have been realized at the beginning (1 to 3 h) [12,14] or within the 24 h [19] after the acclimation period
Summary
Cold stress is one of the most important factors that limit plant productivity around the world.Understanding the molecular bases of the cold response is essential to breed cold-tolerant varieties.To survive winter frosts, plants need to acquire frost tolerance which depends on the duration and time of the exposition to low temperatures [1] and varies according to species [2,3] and genotypes [4].Plants can adopt two strategies to overcome frost. Plants need to acquire frost tolerance which depends on the duration and time of the exposition to low temperatures [1] and varies according to species [2,3] and genotypes [4]. The second one concerns the acquisition of freezing tolerance (FT), through a phenomenon called cold acclimation [8]. Following exposure to low temperatures, plants increase their ability to tolerate cold temperatures. Cold acclimation reveals two mechanisms of tolerance, which include: chilling tolerance and the induction of freezing tolerance (FT). Chilling tolerance represents the ability of a plant to respond to low but positive temperatures inferior to 15 ◦ C, and FT is an induced response where plants acquire an increased freezing tolerance upon a prior low but non-freezing
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