Abstract
Peanut, Arachis hypogaea L., is a protein-rich species consumed worldwide. A key improvement to peanut culture involves the development of cultivars that resist fungal diseases such as rust, leaf spot and scab. Over three years, we evaluated fungal resistance under field conditions of 43 wild accessions and three interspecific hybrids of the genus Arachis, as well as six A. hypogaea genotypes. In the first year, we evaluated resistance to early and late leaf spot, rust and scab. In the second and third years, we evaluated the 18 wild species with the best resistance scores and control cultivar IAC Caiapó for resistance to leaf spot and rust. All wild accessions displayed greater resistance than A. hypogaea but differed in their degree of resistance, even within the same species. We found accessions with as good as or better resistance than A. cardenasii, including: A. stenosperma (V15076 and Sv 3712), A. kuhlmannii (V 6413), A. kempff-mercadoi (V 13250), A. hoehnei (KG 30006), and A. helodes (V 6325). Amphidiploids and hybrids of A. hypogaea behaved similarly to wild species. An additional four accessions deserve further evaluation: A. magna (V 13751 and KG 30097) and A. gregoryi (V 14767 and V 14957). Although they did not display as strong resistance as the accessions cited above, they belong to the B genome type that is crucial to resistance gene introgression and pyramidization in A. hypogaea.
Highlights
The oil and protein reach peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is consumed both in natura and processed as oil, constituting the fifth largest oleaginous crop worldwide [1]. his plant, which is native from South America, belongs to a genus with 81 described species distributed in nine taxonomic sections [2,3]
We evaluated 43 accessions belonging to 10 wild species, six A. hypogaea genotypes and three interspecific hybrids, including amphidiploids and segregating populations (Table 1)
Within 50 accessions evaluated at the first year (Table 2) there was a large difference in resistance to late leaf spot, with averages ranging from 1.75 to 9
Summary
The oil and protein reach peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is consumed both in natura and processed as oil, constituting the fifth largest oleaginous crop worldwide [1]. his plant, which is native from South America, belongs to a genus with 81 described species distributed in nine taxonomic sections [2,3]. The oil and protein reach peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is consumed both in natura and processed as oil, constituting the fifth largest oleaginous crop worldwide [1]. His plant, which is native from South America, belongs to a genus with 81 described species distributed in nine taxonomic sections [2,3]. The Arachis section includes 31 species including the commercial peanut. Fungi Resistance of Wild Arachis Species and Hybrids
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