Abstract
This study identified hepatic differentially expressed genes (DEGs) affecting the marbling of muscle. Most dietary nutrients bypass the liver and produce plasma lipoproteins. These plasma lipoproteins transport free fatty acids to the target tissue, adipose tissue and muscle. We examined hepatic genes differentially expressed in a differential-display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ddRT-PCR) analysis comparing high- and low-marbled Hanwoo steers. Using 60 arbitrary primers, we found 13 candidate genes that were upregulated and five candidate genes that were downregulated in the livers of high-marbled Hanwoo steers compared to low-marbled individuals. A BLAST search for the 18 DEGs revealed that 14 were well characterized, while four were not annotated. We examined four DEGs: ATP synthase F0, complement component CD, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) and phosphatidylethanolamine binding protein (PEBP). Of these, only two genes (complement component CD and IGFBP3) were differentially expressed at p<0.05 between the livers of high- and low-marbled individuals. The mean mRNA levels of the PEBP and ATP synthase F0 genes did not differ significantly between the livers of high- and low-marbled individuals. Moreover, these DEGs showed very high inter-individual variation in expression. These informative DEGs were assigned to the bovine chromosome in a BLAST search of MS marker subsets and the bovine genome sequence. Genes related to energy metabolism (ATP synthase F0, ketohexokinase, electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase and NADH hydrogenase) were assigned to BTA 1, 11, 17, and 22, respectively. Syntaxin, IGFBP3, decorin, the bax inhibitor gene and the PEBP gene were assigned to BTA 3, 4, 5, 5, and 17, respectively. In this study, the in silico physical maps provided information on the specific location of candidate genes associated with
Highlights
Marbling plays an important role in determining the juiciness and tenderness of beef and is one of the main factors used to grade beef quality in the United States (United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1989), Japan (Japanese Meat Grading Association (JMGA), 1988), and Korea
We identified 18 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the livers of high- and low-marbled Hanwoo cattle (Korean native cattle) using the ddRT-Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and mapped the physical location of these DEGs on the bovine genome sequence using an in silico BLAST search
The annealing control primer (ACP) ddRT-PCR method is based on the unique tripartite structure of a specific primer, which has a 3'-end region with a target core nucleotide sequence, a 5'-end region with a nontarget universal nucleotide sequence, and a poly linker bridging the
Summary
Marbling (intramuscular fat) plays an important role in determining the juiciness and tenderness of beef and is one of the main factors used to grade beef quality in the United States (United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 1989), Japan (Japanese Meat Grading Association (JMGA), 1988), and Korea. Marbling is a very important and valuable trait in the cattle industry. The entire bovine genome sequence has been published in GenBank (http://hgdownload.cse.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/bos Tau2/chromosomes/), and it is possible to map the physical location of informative DEGs on the genome sequence. We identified 18 DEGs in the livers of high- and low-marbled Hanwoo cattle (Korean native cattle) using the ddRT-PCR method and mapped the physical location of these DEGs on the bovine genome sequence using an in silico BLAST search
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