Abstract
We aimed to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in different stages after femoral fracture based on rat models, providing the basis for the treatment of sport-related fractures. Gene expression data GSE3298 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), including 16 chips. All femoral fracture samples were classified into earlier fracture stage and later fracture stage. Total 87 DEGs simultaneously occurred in two stages, of which 4 genes showed opposite expression tendency. Out of the 4 genes, Rest and Cst8 were hub nodes in protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The GO (Gene Ontology) function enrichment analysis verified that nutrition supply related genes were enriched in the earlier stage and neuron growth related genes were enriched in the later stage. Calcium signaling pathway was the most significant pathway in earlier stage; in later stage, DEGs were enriched into 2 neurodevelopment-related pathways. Analysis of Pearson's correlation coefficient showed that a total of 3,300 genes were significantly associated with fracture time, none of which was overlapped with identified DEGs. This study suggested that Rest and Cst8 might act as potential indicators for fracture healing. Calcium signaling pathway and neurodevelopment-related pathways might be deeply involved in bone healing after femoral fracture.
Highlights
As the 2008 Beijing Olympics were successfully held in Beijing, sports developed rapidly in China
We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at different stages of femoral fracture healing by bioinformatics methods, in order to provide the basis for the treatment of sport-related fractures
The mRNA expression profiling data was obtained from the research of Meyer et al, which were displayed in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (ID: GSE3298) [12]
Summary
As the 2008 Beijing Olympics were successfully held in Beijing, sports developed rapidly in China. The intense sports (like pugilism, football, and basketball) and hazardous sports (like motorcycle race, drift motion, and bungee jumping) are all high-risk sports. Collisions with the ground, objects, and other players are common, and unexpected dynamic force on limbs and joints can cause injury [1]. The femur fracture is one of the most common injuries resulted from improper movement [2]. The femur is the only bone in the thigh with the formation of long, slender, and cylindrical bone and is capable of walking, running, or jumping [3]. The femoral fracture is involved in the femoral head, femoral neck, or the shaft of the femur, accounting for 1-2% of all fractures in children and adolescents [4, 5]
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