Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: This study aimed to establish a correlation between the stages of tooth calcification of mandibular canines and second molars with the phases of skeletal development. Methods: In a consecutive series of panoramic, cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs of 113 individuals (60 females and 53 males) with an average age of 12.24 ± 1.81 years, the stages of mandibular canine and second molar calcification, cervical vertebrae maturation indicators (CVMI) and skeletal maturity indicators (SMI) were classified. The variables were correlated by means of the Spearman’s Rank test: chronological age, SMI, CVMI and tooth calcification stages. In order to assess whether the CVMI and tooth calcification stages were significant predictors of the SMI, an ordinal regression analysis was carried out. Results: The stages of CVMI (OR = 16.92; CI 95% = 6.45-44.39; p< 0.001) and calcification of the second molars (OR = 3.22; CI 95% = 1.50-6.92; p= 0.003) were significant predictors of SMI, however similar result was not observed for canines (OR = 0.52, CI 95% = 0.18-1.54; p= 0.239). Calcification stage E for boys, and E and F for girls corresponded to the pre-peak phase of pubertal growth. Stages G and H for boys, and F and G for girls coincided with peak of growth. In the final growth phase, the majority of second molars presented with root apex closure (stage H). Conclusion: The stages of calcification of the second molar may be considered predictors of the stage of skeletal development in the population studied.
Highlights
The correction of malocclusion in patients with skeletal discrepancies and the prognosis for orthodontic treatment are heavily influenced by growth.[1,2,3] Skeletal development is responsible for guiding clinical decisions on the use of extraoral traction and functional appliances, the need for tooth extraction and referral for orthognathic surgery.[4]
The stages of cervical vertebrae maturation indicators (CVMI) (OR = 16.92; CI 95% = 6.45-44.39; p < 0.001) and calcification of the second molars (OR = 3.22; CI 95% = 1.50-6.92; p = 0.003) were significant predictors of skeletal maturity indicators (SMI), similar result was not observed for canines (OR = 0.52, CI 95% = 0.18-1.54; p = 0.239)
Calcification stage E for boys, and E and F for girls corresponded to the pre-peak phase of pubertal growth
Summary
The correction of malocclusion in patients with skeletal discrepancies and the prognosis for orthodontic treatment are heavily influenced by growth.[1,2,3] Skeletal development is responsible for guiding clinical decisions on the use of extraoral traction and functional appliances, the need for tooth extraction and referral for orthognathic surgery.[4]. Changes in the size and shape of cervical vertebrae has received growing interest as a biological indicator of skeletal development.[2,7] the reproducibility of this method has been called into question[6,8] and requires observer experience to assess the growth events.[9]
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