Abstract
The difficulty of diabetic nephropathy (DN) treatment makes prevention the best choice. Cinnamomum cassia barks, known as Chinese cinnamon or Chinese cassia, is one of the most popular natural spices and flavoring agents in many parts of the World. Since previous reports indicated that Chinese cinnamon extract could be used for the treatment of diabetes, we proposed that this spice may be beneficial for the prevention of DN. However, the responsible compounds need to be further identified. In this study, we isolated three new phenolic glycosides, cinnacassosides A–C (1-3), together with fifteen known compounds from the water soluble extract of Chinese cinnamon. The structures of the new compounds were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic evidence. Eleven compounds (6-9, 11, 13-18) were isolated from this spice for the first time, despite extensive research on this species in the past, which added new facets for the chemical profiling of this spice. These isolates were purposely evaluated for their inhibitory effects on IL-6 and extracellular matrix production in mesangial cells which are definitely implicated in DN. The results showed that compounds 4-8 could inhibit over secretion of IL-6, collagen IV and fibronectin against high-glucose-induced mesangial cells at 10 µM, suggesting that Chinese cinnamon could be used as a functional food against DN.
Highlights
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [1]
The results showed that compounds 4−8 could inhibit overproduction of fibronectin, collagen IV, and IL-6 against high-glucose-induced mesangial cells at 10 μM, while all the other compounds were not active in this assay at the same concentration
As a well-known spice, C. cassia barks have been well investigated in the past years
Summary
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) [1]. Due to the wide use of cinnamon, it has attracted much attention in the past [7] Among these studies, many investigations on cinnamon have focused on type 2 diabetes. We hypothesize that C. cassia could be very important for the prevention of chronic kidney diseases including DN according to its. The main constituent of C. cassia volatile oil, has been reported to be used to ameliorate metabolic disorder and relieve renal damage induced by diabetes via targeting Nrf activation [24], whether the other components, especially water soluble compounds inC. As part of our continuous studies on the prevention and therapy of diabetic nephropathy, the water soluble fraction of the stem bark of C. cassia was investigated. (Figure 1), were obtained, together with 15 known compounds 4–18, and their inhibitory effects on DN were investigated using high-glucose-induced mesangial cells
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