Abstract
BackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recently proposed as hub molecules in various diseases, especially in tumours. We found that circRNAs derived from ribonuclease P RNA component H1 (RPPH1) were highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets.ObjectiveWe sought to identify new circRNAs derived from RPPH1 and investigate their regulation of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and RNA binding protein (RBP) networks of CRC immune infiltration.MethodsThe circRNA expression profiles miRNA and mRNA data were extracted from the GEO and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, respectively. The differentially expressed (DE) RNAs were identified using R software and online server tools, and the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA and circRNA–protein networks were constructed using Cytoscape. The relationship between targeted genes and immune infiltration was identified using the GEPIA2 and TIMER2 online server tools.ResultsA ceRNA network, including eight circRNAs, five miRNAs, and six mRNAs, was revealed. Moreover, a circRNA–protein network, including eight circRNAs and 49 proteins, was established. The targeted genes, ENOX1, NCAM1, SAMD4A, and ZC3H10, are closely related to CRC tumour-infiltrating macrophages.ConclusionsWe analysed the characteristics of circRNA from RPPH1 as competing for endogenous RNA binding miRNA or protein in CRC macrophage infiltration. The results point towards the development of a new diagnostic and therapeutic paradigm for CRC.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant tumour of the digestive tract
Six downregulated miRNAs were identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) colon datasets containing 450 colon cancer and eight normal samples (Figures 2B–G)
These results strongly suggest that these genes are closely related to the polarisation of macrophages in colon cancer development
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant tumour of the digestive tract. CRC cases diagnosed each year exceed 1.9 million globally and account for 935,000 cancer-related deaths annually [1]. Patients with advanced CRC have few treatment options, poor prognosis, and high mortality rates. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are the most commonly used methods to treat advanced CRC. Patients are prone to drug resistance, which often leads to treatment failure [2]. It is vital to elucidate the pathogenesis of CRC to develop and utilise new drugs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been recently proposed as hub molecules in various diseases, especially in tumours. We found that circRNAs derived from ribonuclease P RNA component H1 (RPPH1) were highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets
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