Abstract
Simple SummaryIn this study, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of adult antennae in Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and identified a total of 98 candidate chemosensory genes, encoding 40 odorant receptors (ORs), 7 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 13 gustatory receptors (GRs), 10 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 24 odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and 4 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). The tissue expression profiles showed that almost all PverOBPs and PverORs were highly expressed in the antennae. In addition, the results revealed that PverOBP10, PverOBP12, PverOBP18, PverOR24, and PverOR35 showed female-biased expression profiles, indicating that these receptors may be involved in some female-specific behaviors such as oviposition site seeking. This work greatly promotes the understanding of the olfactory system and will help provide insight for functional studies of the chemoreception mechanism in P. versicolora.Insects can sense surrounding chemical signals by their accurate chemosensory systems. This system plays a vital role in the life history of insects. Several gene families participate in chemosensory processes, including odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), gustatory receptors (GRs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odorant binding proteins (OBPs), and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a leaf-eating forest pest found in salicaceous trees worldwide. In this study, a transcriptome analysis of male and female adult antennae in P. versicolora individuals was conducted, which identified a total of 98 candidate chemosensory genes including 40 ORs, 7 IRs, 13 GRs, 10 CSPs, 24 OBPs, and 4 SNMPs. Subsequently, the tissue expression profiles of 15 P. versicolora OBPs (PverOBPs) and 39 ORs (PverORs) were conducted by quantitative real-time PCR. The data showed that almost all PverOBPs and PverORs were highly expressed in the male and female antennae. In addition, several OBPs and ORs (PverOBP10, PverOBP12, PverOBP18, PverOR24, and PverOR35) had higher expression levels in female antennae than those in the male antennae, indicating that these genes may be taking part in some female-specific behaviors, such as find mates, oviposition site, etc. This study deeply promotes further understanding of the chemosensory system and functional studies of the chemoreception genes in P. versicolora.
Highlights
The next-generation sequencing of the cDNA library, using the Illumina Novaseq platform, was constructed from the male and female adult antennae of P. versicolora
10 different candidate unigenes encoding for chemosensory proteins (CSPs) were obtained in P. versicolora (PverCSPs), based on the transcriptomes of the antennae (Table S2)
The results show that four PverSNMP genes were clustered into the Coleoptera SNMP1 group (SNMP1a and SNMP1b subgroup) and SNMP2 group (SNMP2a and SNMP2b subgroup)
Summary
The peripheral level of the insect chemosensory system general includes several major steps; after entering into the sensilla lymph through pores on the sensilla wall, the hydrophobic odorant molecules are bound by soluble olfactory proteins (e.g., OBPs and CSPs) in the sensilla lymph. This complex is subsequently transported to corresponding chemosensory receptors (ORs, GRs, and IRs proteins), which induces an action potential and guides insects’ behavior [4,7,8,9,10]. We examined the temporal expression profiles of OBP and OR genes by performing quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR)
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