Identification of characteristic compounds of moderate volatility in breast cancer cell lines.

Mitsuru Tanaka,Tomotsugu Rikitake,Weilin Shen,Yusuke Tahara,Takeshi Onodera,Kiyoshi Toko,Hideto Sonoda,Yuzo Ninomiya,Masataka Oeki,Toshiro Matsui,Yoshihiko Maehara,Asuka Goda,Eiji Oki,Keisuke Sanematsu,Chung Hsuan,Rintaro Kurebayashi,Aneta Agnieszka Koronowicz

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235442

Mitsuru Tanaka, Tomotsugu Rikitake + Show 15 more

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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235442

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Abstract

In this study, we were challenging to identify characteristic compounds in breast cancer cell lines. GC analysis of extracts from the culture media of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, SK-BR-3, and YMB-1) using a solid-phase Porapak Q extraction revealed that two compounds of moderate volatility, 1-hexadecanol and 5-(Z)-dodecenoic acid, were detected with markedly higher amount than those in the medium of fibroblast cell line (KMST-6). Furthermore, LC-TOF/MS analysis of the extracts clarified that in addition to the above two fatty acids, the amounts of five unsaturated fatty acids [decenoic acid (C10:1), decadienoic acid (C10:2), 5-(Z)-dodecenoic acid (C12:1), 5-(Z)-tetradecenoic acid (C14:1), and tetradecadienoic acid (C14:2)] in MCF-7 medium were higher than those in medium of KMST-6. Interestingly, H2O2-oxidation of 5-(Z)-dodecenoic acid and 5-(Z)-tetradecenoic acid produced volatile aldehydes that were reported as specific volatiles in breath from various cancer patients, such as heptanal, octanal, nonanal, decanal, 2-(E)-nonenal, and 2-(E)-octenal. Thus, we concluded that these identified compounds over-produced in breast cancer cells in this study could serve as potential precursors producing reported cancer-specific volatiles.

Highlights

Concentrated ether-extract (500 μL) from solid-phase Porapak Q resin was applied to the gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector (GC-FID) to identify the peaks specific for breast cancer cell lines, since FID can widely detect organic compounds without any consideration of detection efficiency between compounds
P1 and P2 observed in MCF-7 and KMST6 culture media (MEM) medium for MCF-7 (Fig 2a) were detected when MCF-7 was cultured in D-MEM (S2 Fig)
Research interests have been focused on the elucidation of “volatiles” in the exhaled breath of cancer patients, since the evidential report that dog could distinguish colorectal cancer patients by smelling their exhaled breath

Summary

Introduction

The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the Global Burden of Disease study estimated that there will be 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths worldwide in 2018; lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases), closely followed by breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence. [1] The detection and diagnosis of cancer at earlier stages apparently determines further treatments, and periodic health screening using various techniques, such as X-rays, [2]. Characteristic compounds in breast cancer cell lines had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the Global Burden of Disease study estimated that there will be 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths worldwide in 2018; lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (11.6% of the total cases), closely followed by breast cancer (11.6%), prostate cancer (7.1%), and colorectal cancer (6.1%) for incidence. [1] The detection and diagnosis of cancer at earlier stages apparently determines further treatments, and periodic health screening using various techniques, such as X-rays, [2]

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