Abstract
Flickingeria fimbriata is commonly applied in China as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), however the quality control of it is incomplete. In this work, we aim to identify and quantify the structures of C-glycosyl flavones in F. fimbriata. High performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and High performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–multiple stage tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–ESI–MSn) methods were combined to identify C-glycosyl flavones and determine their contents. Twenty acylated C-glycosyl flavones and ten non-acylated C-glycosyl flavones were identified for the first time in F. fimbriata on systematic MSn analysis via HPLC–ESI–MSn. The aglycones of all of these compounds were apigenin or chrysoeriol and were acylated with p-coumaric, ferulic, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic or 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acids. Furthermore, the quantification result suggest that two C-glycosyl flavones (vicenin-I and vicenin-III) with relative high contents were revealed to be more strongly acylated in F. fimbriata. The method is sufficiently precise, accurate, and sensitive for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of C-glycosyl flavones, which is expected to establish a standard for quality control and identification in this plant.
Highlights
Flickingeria fimbriata (Bl.) Hawkes is commonly used as a source of a valuable traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) called “Shihu”, which is normal referred to Dendrobium genus such as Dendrobium officinale
Identification of chemical compounds The extract of F. fimbriata was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–electrospray ionization (ESI)– multiple stage tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) and HPLC-diode array detector (DAD)
Due to the cross-ring cleavages of the flavonoid saccharide residue, characteristic ions [Ag-H+42]− and [Ag-H+72]− were observed in the M S4 spectra for the mono-C-glycosyl flavones, and characteristic ions [AgH+84]− and [Ag-H+114]− were observed in the MS4 spectra for the 6,8-di-C-glycosyl flavones (Ag = 270 for apigenin, Ag = 300 for chrysoeriol) [24, 29]
Summary
Flickingeria fimbriata (Bl.) Hawkes is commonly used as a source of a valuable TCM called “Shihu”, which is normal referred to Dendrobium genus such as Dendrobium officinale. This medicinal plant is commonly used as “Shihu” in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces. The previous study of F. fimbriata in our laboratory showed that 7–8 stable common peaks of flavonoids in the characteristic spectra were found using HPLC [7], five of which were characterized as non-acylated C-glycosyl flavones (vicenin-II, vicenin-I, schaftoside, isoschaftoside and vicenin-III) by ion-trap mass spectrometer. It was proved that flavone is a suitable compound for quality control study of F. fimbriata
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