Abstract
A most frequent problem in the construction industry of Pakistan is the failure of structures, especially buildings, before their expected design life. Structural failure in buildings at the time of construction or after completion may result in human casualties, waste of money, social disturbance, and clashes, and claims between stakeholders. Many researches have already been conducted about key causes which lead a structure to fail at later stages. This research is pursuing to analyze early building failure indicators (BFIs) in Pakistan. Indicators and causes emerged from a thorough literature review, past projects, and site visits of various projects in Pakistan. The causes were grouped in sets of BFIs with the consent of structural experts. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS using mean value. Critical reasoning and conceivable recommendations are suggested by the opinion of experienced stakeholders having worked at various projects in Pakistan. The identification of these indicators is a key interest research topic for the country, as it would possibly reduce the failures of buildings in the future, saving lives, money, time, and conflicts among stakeholders.
Highlights
A structure may be a building, bridge, dam, retaining wall, sluice gate, etc. constructed from individual, interconnected, interrelated elements that are formed together with a system that can resist applied external load
The present study explores the critical causes of building failure in Pakistan construction projects
The analysis reveals that Structural Inadequacy indicator (SII) is the utmost cause in Pakistan with the highest mean sum of 3.93, followed by Material (MI) and Quality Control (QCI) indicators with 3.77 and 3.61 mean sum respectively
Summary
A structure may be a building, bridge, dam, retaining wall, sluice gate, etc. constructed from individual, interconnected, interrelated elements that are formed together with a system that can resist applied external load. Constructed from individual, interconnected, interrelated elements that are formed together with a system that can resist applied external load This definition applies to much of what is seen in nature such as a fern leaf, an oak tree, shrub with ribbed branches, spider webs, etc. If any of the operational activities goes wrong or out of schedule, it will lead to failure of the project [2] resulting in human casualties, delay, cost overrun, environmental disturbances, etc. Many structural failures caused numerous human casualties, cost overrun, delays, contractor bankruptcies, etc. Authors in [12] investigated the projects structural issues in different countries including Pakistan and found that cost overrun and relevant failures are major problems. Structure failure is still a challenge for the construction industry, especially in developing countries, since the adaptation of sustainable construction through sustainable practices is very stagnant [13]
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