Abstract
Material Experimental and model tests were conducted on ten fresh porcine temporomandibular joint discs. The average thickness of disc tissue was, accordingly, 2.77 mm for the anterior zone, 3.98 mm for the posterior, and 1.54 mm for the intermediate. The selection of research material in the form of porcine discs was due to the similarity to human discs. Methods Discs were loaded in cycles, a temporary course with the amplitude 3 N and frequency 0.07 Hz, and growth in the load was 1 N/s. The selection of load frequency was due to real conditions of temporomandibular joint functioning during mastication. The necessary experimental research was conducted on a testing machine with a measurement range of 2.5 kN. Results The obtained numeric calculation results indicate that the number of load cycles has a decisive impact on the limitation of energy dispersion capacity through disc tissue. This phenomenon was observed in all the studies on the disc areas. Along with the growth in load cycles, discs are stiffened, and the most significant stiffness was observed in the intermediate area. Conclusions Based on the conducted research, it should be concluded that excessive load affecting temporomandibular joints caused by the act of mastication and occlusal forces generated during parafunction and in people with defined long-term bruxism has crucial importance on biomechanical disc properties and hence the course of temporomandibular joint conditions.
Highlights
Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is an umbrella term including group of conditions that cause pain and dysfunction in the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), and their associated structures. ey are a group of complaints associated with accelerating life pace, and we observe an increase in the incidence of this type of disorders
TMD and oral parafunctions seem to be a frequent problem in modern societies [2,3,4,5]. e etiopathology of the TMD is related to teeth arches, muscles, and periodontium. eir main causes involve both pathophysiological and psychosocial factors [6, 7]. e primary symptoms include pain during mandible movements, limitation of mandibular mobility, and acoustic symptoms recorded within TMJs [8]
It has been proved that the multifactorial etiological causes may have a biopsychosocial base, as well as occlusal disorders, stress factors, mental conditions, generalized diseases of joints and hormonal disorders, congenital defects, headaches, and arthritis [12,13,14,15,16]. e latest extended TMD (DC/TMD) taxonomy takes into account as many as 37 disorders considered, Pain Research and Management which have been grouped into the following four categories: temporomandibular joint disorders, chewing muscle disorders, headache disorders, and related structure disorders [17]
Summary
Received 5 May 2020; Revised 14 July 2020; Accepted 3 September 2020; Published 7 October 2020. Experimental and model tests were conducted on ten fresh porcine temporomandibular joint discs. E selection of load frequency was due to real conditions of temporomandibular joint functioning during mastication. E obtained numeric calculation results indicate that the number of load cycles has a decisive impact on the limitation of energy dispersion capacity through disc tissue. Along with the growth in load cycles, discs are stiffened, and the most significant stiffness was observed in the intermediate area. Based on the conducted research, it should be concluded that excessive load affecting temporomandibular joints caused by the act of mastication and occlusal forces generated during parafunction and in people with defined long-term bruxism has crucial importance on biomechanical disc properties and the course of temporomandibular joint conditions
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