Abstract
Diabetes and obesity represent major public health problems worldwide. High cost of medicines and drug treatments propose the research for less expensive alternatives, such as enzymatic inhibitors present in medicinal plants from natural sources. An example of such medicinal plant is the jambolanSyzygiumsp., which is referred to be hypoglycemic and efficient in weight loss. With this in mind, we identified the bioactive compounds fromSyzygiumsp. commercial teas and evaluated the inhibitory potential and the antioxidant activity of digestive enzymes from a simulated gastric fluid.Syzygiumsp. samples showed low percentages of enzymatic inhibition at 1 : 200 dilution. Antioxidant activity was significant, although it was not expressive of the contents of total phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, flavones, and alkaloids. Maldi-Tof spectroscopy suggested the presence of luteolin inSyzygiumsp. samples. Molecular docking predicted that luteolin binds at theα-amylase catalytic site in a similar manner as acarbose, the carbohydrate inhibitor from the enzyme crystallographic structure. The phytochemical content and biological activity were distinct among samples from commercial teas. Thus, additional studies should be conducted to elucidate efficacy and safety ofSyzygiumsp. extracts, especiallyin vivoexperiments.Syzygiumsp. might be in the near future recommended as a medicinal plant in low cost diabetes and obesity treatments.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus and obesity represent some of the greatest public health problems today
Conclusion e aqueous extracts of Syzygium sp., obtained by 1 : 200 infusion, present low percentages of inhibition of the digestive enzymes, suggesting a decrease in the potential hypoglycemic effect at this dilution. us, considering the different profiles of enzymatic inhibition, it is suggested that the phytochemical content and biological activity of samples may be distinct, in spite of their commercialization as “jambolão.” the antioxidant activity of the tea was significant, the contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, flavones, alkaloids, and tannins were not expressive at the 1 : 200 dilution. e results regarding the Maldi-Tof spectroscopy revealed a peak around 284 in the mass region (m/ z), suggesting the presence of luteolin
It was proposed that luteolin binds with α-amylase enzyme in a similar manner as the carbohydrate inhibitor present in the X-ray structure
Summary
Diabetes mellitus and obesity represent some of the greatest public health problems today. Around 90% of individuals who develop type 2 diabetes are obese, and most of these patients have high blood pressure and/or dyslipidemia, in addition to being overweight. Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that has insulin resistance as its main factor. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for around 90% of all cases of diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia is the result of an inadequate production of insulin and inability of the body to respond fully to insulin, defined as insulin resistance. E obese individual has increased adipose tissue producing a number of substances. Type 2 diabetes already affects children and adolescents [1,2,3,4]
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