Identification of bioactive compound from Nigella sativa, Allium sativum, propolis and Oleaeuropaea mixture as antibacterial and antifungal agent

Abstract

Nigella sativa, Allium sativum, propolis and Oleaeuropaea, have been used empirically as a traditional medicine. The objective of this study were to tested the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extracts, as well as to identified the active compounds contained in the extract mixture. The antibacterial activity test was carried out against Gram positive bacteria (Streptococcus agalactie, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus cereus), Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium, Eschericia coli), and antifungi against Candida albicans using Kirby and Bauer diffusion disc test. The search of active compound was done by phytochemical test including alkaloid, phenolic, flavonoid and steroid-triterpenoid test, and also identification of active compound using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of antimicrobial activity investigation by Kirby and Bauer method showed that in general the extract had the ability to inhibit the growth of all Gram positive test bacteria and did not inhibit Candida albicans growth, except for mixed extract A which could inhibit the growth of almost all bacteria and C. albicans with the average inhibitory zone diameter as much as 7.5 mm. Phytochemical tests showed that all extracts were negative against the alkaloids test (Meyer, Wagner and Dragendorf) and positive for steroid and triterpenoid tests. The identification of active compound of mixture extract A with GC-MS showed that the highest content of the compound was linoleic acid (57.87%) followed by palmitic acid (17.85%) and citronella (7.68%).