Identification of Bacterial Profile in Root Canals of Teeth with Chronic Periapical Lesions in Vietnam

Abstract

The effectiveness of the treatment of endodontic infections with antiseptics is highly dependent on the occurrence of bacterial etiologies associated with endodontic pathology. However, the distribution of bacterial etiologies associated with endodontic pathology varies across regions of the world. This study aimed to determine the bacteria profile in root canals of teeth with chronic periapical lesions in order to help physicians select suitable irrigating agents and intra-canal medicament for endodontic treatment. Forty-seven teeth with chronic periapical lesions were collected from patients for this study. Specimens used for microbiological culture were collected using a paper cone. Bacteria growing on blood and chocolate medium were then identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Forty-five different cultivable bacteria were successfully cultured and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in all samples, in which each canal found one to nine bacteria species. Facultative anaerobic bacteria were the highest proportion (79.31%) including Streptococcus, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Actinomyces (proportion: 78.7%, 27.66%; 17.02% and 17.02% respectively. Followed by obligate anaerobic bacteria distributed for 11.72% with Prevotella, Veillonella, Campylobacter, Oribacterium, Fusobacterium, Dialister. The number of aerobic bacteria was only 8.97%, of which mainly Bacillus species. Bacillus, Haemophilus, Actinomyces, Streptococcus were presented in most of the teeth with chronic apical periodontitis showing pain and swelling. This is the first data on the microbiology species in root canals of teeth with chronic periapical lesions of Vietnamese people. Our data identified facultative anaerobic as the most common species in root canals of teeth with chronic periapical lesions, and four main microorganisms notably occurred in case with pain and swelling. This data has important implications for the effective treatment of root canal infections with antiseptics.