Abstract
Change in temperature is often a major environmental factor in triggering waterborne disease outbreaks. Previous research has revealed temporal and spatial patterns of bacterial population in several aquatic ecosystems. To date, very little information is available on aquaculture environment. Here, we assessed environmental temperature effects on bacterial community composition in freshwater aquaculture system farming of Litopenaeus vannamei (FASFL). Water samples were collected over a one-year period, and aquatic bacteria were characterized by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and 16S rDNA pyrosequencing. Resulting DGGE fingerprints revealed a specific and dynamic bacterial population structure with considerable variation over the seasonal change, suggesting that environmental temperature was a key driver of bacterial population in the FASFL. Pyrosequencing data further demonstrated substantial difference in bacterial community composition between the water at higher (WHT) and at lower (WLT) temperatures in the FASFL. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the highest abundant phyla in the FASFL, however, a large number of unclassified bacteria contributed the most to the observed variation in phylogenetic diversity. The WHT harbored remarkably higher diversity and richness in bacterial composition at genus and species levels when compared to the WLT. Some potential pathogenenic species were identified in both WHT and WLT, providing data in support of aquatic animal health management in the aquaculture industry.
Highlights
The Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is the most widely cultured and productive alien crustacean worldwide [1]
To gain an insight into the possible influence of temperature on bacterial population in the freshwater aquaculture system farming of Litopenaeus vannamei (FASFL), surface water samples were collected over a one-year period, and aquatic bacteria were characterized by PCR amplification of the V3 variable region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene
This study constitutes the first investigation of temperature influence on bacterial community composition in freshwater aquaculture system farming of Litopenaeus vannamei
Summary
The Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is the most widely cultured and productive alien crustacean worldwide [1]. Using the DGGE technique, bacterial community structures have been investigated in various aquaculture settings in different parts of the world, e.g., culturing the tropical rock lobster (Panulirus ornatus) in Australia [13], the Pacific white shrimp (L. vannamei) in the USA [14], the Asian tiger shrimp (Litopenaeus monodon) in Thailand [15], the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) in Norway [16], the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) in Zhangjiang, China [17], as well as the shrimp (Penaeus vannamei, Penacus orientalis), abalone (Haliotis diversicolor) and reef cod (Epinephelus diacanthus) in coastal mariculture ponds in Southeast China [18] These studies have proposed strong links between environmental variables (e.g., season, water flow rate and aeration) and bacterial population structures in the aquaculture niches. The information will facilitate better understanding of possible molecular mechanisms underlying waterborne disease outbreaks and seasonal change
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