Identification of attractive blend for spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, from apple juice

Yan Feng,Alexis Park,Robert Bruton,Aijun Zhang

doi:10.1007/s10340-018-1006-9

Yan Feng, Alexis Park + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-018-1006-9

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Abstract

Drosophila suzukii, commonly known as the spotted wing drosophila (SWD), is an exotic fruit fly from Southeast Asia that was introduced to the temperate regions of North America and Europe in 2008. It attacks a wide variety of fruits and has become a devastating pest of soft-skinned fruit crops. Due to the rapid spread of SWD across the newly invaded continents, fresh fruit markets have a zero-tolerance policy regarding D. suzukii infestation. Specific and efficient D. suzukii detection tools are urgently needed so that farmers can deliver timely management interventions to meet market demands. Since SWD is known to be attracted to damaged and rotting fruits, headspace volatiles from fresh and fermented apple juices were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Special attention was given to the compounds produced and/or enriched during the fermentation process. After performing a series of laboataory and field tests, we identified a quinary blend, which is more efficient and selective for D. suzukii than the currently standard apple cider vinegar and commercially available SWD lure under field conditions. Identification of SWD attractant will help growers accurately detect D. suzukii adult infestations in orchards, thereby allowing for timely pest management interventions while reducing conventional insecticidal usage to protect our crops, environment, and ecosystem.

Highlights

The spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive fruitinfesting fly native to Southeast Asia (Calabria et al 2010)
Since it has been reported that the yeast microbe volatiles could mediate Drosophila flies attraction (Becher et al 2010, 2012), special attention was given to the compounds produced and/or enriched during the fermentation process
We found that consistently higher levels (> 10× fold ratio relative to fresh apple juice volatile extract) of five compounds were associated with fermented apple juice volatile extract (Fig. 1, top trace)

Summary

Introduction

The spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive fruitinfesting fly native to Southeast Asia (Calabria et al 2010). Since it was accidently introduced to central California in August 2008, D. suzukii has rapidly spread across the USA (Hauser 2011). It has been detected in Canada, Mexico, and Europe (Asplen et al 2015; Lee et al 2011). Unlike most drosophilid flies that feed and oviposit on overripe, damaged, or decomposing fruits, D. suzukii can feed and oviposit on sound ripening fruits (Calabria et al 2010; Hamby et al 2016; Mitsui et al 2006).

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