Abstract
The individual parts of Morus alba L. including root bark, branches, leaves, and fruits are used as a cosmetic ingredient in many Asian countries. This study identified several anti-melanogenesis constituents in a 70% ethanol extract of M. alba leaves. The ethyl acetate fraction of the initial ethanol extract decreased the activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme in the synthetic pathway of melanin. Twelve compounds were isolated from this fraction and their structures were identified based on spectroscopic spectra. Then, the authors investigated the anti-melanogenesis effects of the isolated compounds in B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells. Compounds 3 and 8 significantly inhibited not only melanin production but also intracellular tyrosinase activity in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating-hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16-F10 cells in a dose-dependent manner. These same compounds also inhibited melanogenesis-related protein expression such as microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). Compound 3 modulated the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and p38 signaling pathways in α-MSH-activated B16-F10 melanoma cells, which resulted in the anti-melanogenesis effects. These results suggest that compound 3, isolated from M. alba leaves, could be used to inhibit melanin production via the regulation of melanogenesis-related protein expression.
Highlights
Melanin plays an important role in determining the color of human skin and hair
Fraction from a ethanol extract of alba leaves decreased the activity of tyrosinase, Recently, extracts from M. alba leaves have been shown to inhibit melanogenesis in activity assays of. In this the authors found 12 thatcompounds the ethyl acetate a keymushroom enzyme intyrosinase the synthetic pathway melanin. Addition, they isolated from this fraction from a 70%their ethanol extract of M. alba leaves decreased the activity tyrosinase, a key enzyme extract and evaluated anti-melanogenesis effects by monitoring theof melanin content, intracellular in the activity, syntheticand pathway melanin
Ultraviolet anti-melanogenesis constituents in alba, the authors isolated components from a radiation, and skin rubs can affect the melanin content of cells [16]
Summary
Melanin plays an important role in determining the color of human skin and hair. It protects cells by absorbing ultraviolet radiation and exhibits remarkable antioxidant effects [1]. Alba leaves decreased the activity of tyrosinase, Recently, extracts from M. alba leaves have been shown to inhibit melanogenesis in activity assays of In this the authors found 12 thatcompounds the ethyl acetate a keymushroom enzyme intyrosinase the synthetic pathway melanin. Instudy, addition, they isolated from this fraction from a 70%their ethanol extract of M. alba leaves decreased the activity tyrosinase, a key enzyme extract and evaluated anti-melanogenesis effects by monitoring theof melanin content, intracellular in the activity, syntheticand pathway melanin. From this extract and evaluated their anti-melanogenesis effects by monitoring the melanin content, intracellular tyrosinase activity, and MITF expression in α-MSH-stimulated B16-F10 cells B16-F10 cells. from this extract and evaluated their anti-melanogenesis effects by monitoring the melanin content, intracellular tyrosinase activity, and MITF expression in α-MSH-stimulated B16-F10 cells
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