Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) remains a highly important pathogen, causing major losses in the swine industry. Persistent infection is highly relevant for CSFV maintenance in the field; however, this form of infection is not fully understood. An increase in the granulocyte population has been detected in CSFV persistently infected animals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the possible immunosuppressive role of these cells in CSFV persistent infection. The phenotype of peripheral blood and bone marrow cells from persistently infected and naïve animals was evaluated by flow cytometry, and the capacity of specific cell subsets to reduce the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) response against unspecific and specific antigen was determined using co-culture assays. The frequency of granulocytic cells was increased in cells from CSFV persistently infected pigs and they showed a phenotype similar to immunosuppressive cell populations found in persistent infection in humans. These cells from persistently infected animals were able to reduce the IFN-γ response against unspecific and specific antigen. Our results suggest that immature immunosuppressive cell populations play a role in CSFV persistent infection in swine. The information obtained by studying the role of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) during CSFV persistent infection may extrapolate to other viral persistent infections in mammals.
Highlights
Classical swine fever (CSF) remains a highly relevant disease in swine, causing major losses to the industry which are related to various forms of disease [1]
The disease is caused by the CSF virus (CSFV), a positive stranded RNA virus that belongs to the Pestivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family [3]
The piglets inoculated with the CSFV Catalonia 01 (Cat01) strain showed fever during the first two weeks of the trial, the fever subsided after this time
Summary
Classical swine fever (CSF) remains a highly relevant disease in swine, causing major losses to the industry which are related to various forms of disease [1]. Examples of viral persistence can be found in humans and animals after infections with different viruses such as Adenovirus, Herpesvirus, Retrovirus, Flavivirus, Hepadnavirus, Papillomavirus, and Pestivirus among others [4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. In this regard, after infection in utero, CSFV can generate congenital persistent infection [1,11,12] to other pestiviruses affecting ruminants, such as bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and border disease
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