Abstract
Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods, and especially, ultrasounds have gone from being a mere laboratory curiosity to an indispensable tool in the industry as a primary means of determining the level of quality achieved in its products (ASM, 1989; Barbero, 1999).
 This study will identify and apply the main physical phenomena of interaction of an ultrasonic wave in a composite material, to see if through this type of waves, you can detect defects of the type of porosity or delaminations in these materials. The percentages of reflected and transmitted waves in real cases of defects in the composite material will also be studied. It will be shown if the frequencies and intensities of the waves are adequate to find this type of defects or imperfections in the material.
 The theoretical study of the ultrasonic wave seeks to help researchers in the development of equipment that uses the methodology of immersion ultrasound for the inspection of materials in the search for 'defects' and to understand the physics of the test.
Highlights
In the last decades the operating requirements have increased, while at the same time trying to reduce the weight of the structures and mechanical components used for industrial purposes
To carry out the study, several panels have been manufactured of composite material based on a modified epoxy matrix 8552 together with high resistance carbon fiber AS4 preimpregnated in the form of unidirectional tape with a curing temperature of 180oC manufactured in an autoclave, curing pressure 6 bars, volumetric fiber content of 62% and nominal thickness of the cured layer of 0.13 mm with a fiber weight per area of 145 gr/m2
Each layer has a thickness of 0.1875 mm, the porosity was caused in the fourth layer and the delaminations were made in the eighth layer
Summary
In the last decades the operating requirements have increased, while at the same time trying to reduce the weight of the structures and mechanical components used for industrial purposes This has led to the need to use advanced materials that have high mechanical properties along with a decrease in weight (Inasmet, 1998). Fiber-reinforced composite materials are used in other sectors such as construction, wind turbines, marine, elite sports, automotive and other sectors such as medical and military (ImieliÉska et al, 2004; Rojek, Stabik, & Wróbel, 2005; Ochelski, 2004) These composite materials are characterized by high rigidity and mechanical resistance, high fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, low weight and the possibility of selecting the appropriate orientation of the sheets for each specific application. Their low thermal conductivity and high dimensional stability give these materials a very interesting alternative in applications subject to low temperature conditions
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